Lect 8c1 Multiple baseline designs used when 1._____________________________ 2._____________________________ Definition: A series of AB designs that: Have __ or more baselines measured ___________________ The different baselines serve as a _____ for each other Baselines have different _______ The _____ IV/treatment is applied to every baseline Multiple-Baseline Designs

Lect 8c2 Types: The application of the IV may be “staggered” across independent: 1.___________ 2.___________ 3.____________ ( NOTE: The baselines cannot be staggered across different _______ = the ________________ for every baseline) Multiple-Baseline Designs

Lect 8c3 Multiple-baseline designs Method: at least __baselines are conducted simultaneously IV is implemented on the most ______ baseline when an effect is observed, and the remaining baseline is stable, IV is ________________ ________________________

Lect 8c4 Multiple baseline design across behaviors

Multiple baseline design across __________

Multiple baseline design across _______

Lect 8c7 The critical feature of multiple baseline designs is that, unlike a series of AB designs, the behavior is measured for each person, setting, or response type _______________. Measuring baselines at the same time controls for many ________________________ For example, multiple baseline designs control for:  ______________  _____________ Multiple-Baseline Designs

Baseline #1 Baseline #2 No treatment effect Treatment implemented A functional relation is demonstrated when behavior ____________________________________ for each baseline and there is a _____________ of the effect across baselines.

Lect 8c9 _________________________________

Lect 8c10 ____________________________________

Lect 8c11 ___________________________________

Lect 8c12 Considerations:  Conditions must be conducted ________ (min. 3 data points)  Different behaviors, participants, settings must be functionally ________________ If behavior in second baseline change when the first one changes, you cannot determine whether the treatment _____________________________________, or whether an __________________________________  Interventions need to be sufficiently ____________

Lect 8c13 What is wrong with This Multiple Baseline Design?

______________ staggered _______ staggered How long do you wait?

Lect 8c15 Considerations cont:  The more baselines, the more confident you can be that the _________________  A brief ________________ can be added for added control

Lect 8c16 Disadvantages:  Some participants might receive ____________________  Requires ___________ participants, settings, or behaviors  Weaker experimental control is demonstrated than the ________________ design – i.e., reversal design is the stronger design

Lect 8c17 Reversal (ABA) or multiple-baseline designs  You are interested in investigating the effects of a new instructional program on reading in young children. What design would you consider for this study? Why?  You are interested in investigating the effects of response-cost punishment on inappropriate verbalizations in adolescents. What design would you consider for this study? Why?  You are interested in investigating the effects of response- independent reinforcer delivery on attention-maintained self- injury in adults with developmental delays. What design would you use for this study? Why?