BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans David B. MacFarlane for PEP-II MAC Meeting December 13, 2004

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans2 BABAR Collaboration Gathering at SLAC, July Countries 80 Institutions 593 Physicists Sep 2004

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans3 BABAR & Belle physics results BABARBelle Publications Papers submitted to ICHEP 7270 Parallel session talks at ICHEP 2221 A hundred flowers blossoming at ICHEP04 from both Collaborations: far too many results to cover here! Link to ICHEP04 talks and conference papers from BABAR

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans4 Initial goals for B Factories Exploring CKM picture or alternative origins for CP violation

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans5 sin2  results from charmonium modes BABAR PUB-04/038 Update for ICHEP04 Limit on direct CPV B elle B A B AR Belle CONF-0436

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans6 Summary of constraints on  Mirror solutions disfavored BABAR & Belle combined

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans7 Combined GLW and ADS constraint on  BABAR & Belle combined

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans8 B Factories have been very successful!  First precise test for CKM picture of CPV  sin2  = 0.726±0.037, precision measurement (5%)  Progress on other angles   from S  and  Dalitz o 2  from   from (w/ D Daltiz)  And on sides o Paradigm change! Now: looking for New Physics as correction to CKM

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans9 Possible New Physics addition: SUSY  MSSM parameters > 100!  squark/slepton mass matrix o Sensitive to SUSY breaking mechanism. o New sources of flavor mixing [masses + mixing angles + phases] Off-diagonal terms Flavor Physics at luminosity frontier Diagonal terms: LHC/ILC at energy frontier b and  are both 3rd generation: probe both 3  2, 3  1 transitions

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans10 Potential New Physics contributions “Internal Penguin” SUSY contribution with new phases New physics in loops?

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans11 Averages for sin2  and s-penguin modes 3.6 s from s-penguin to sin2 b (cc) No sign of Direct CP in averages

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans PEP II Luminosity Projections x ab -1 Original run plan from Sep 2004 Calendar Year

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans13 Projections for Penguin Modes K*K* 5  discovery region if non-SM physics is 0.30 effect 2004=240 fb =1.5 ab -1 Similar projections for Belle as well Projections are statistical errors only; but systematic errors at few percent level Luminosity expectations : f 0 K S K S  0  K S  ’K S KKK S

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans14 BABAR Detector DIRC  PID) 144 quartz bars PMs 1.5T solenoid EMC 6580 CsI(Tl) crystals Drift Chamber 40 layers Instrumented Flux Return iron / RPCs or LSTs (muon / neutral hadrons) Silicon Vertex Tracker 5 layers, double sided strips e  (3.1GeV) e  (9GeV)

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans15 RPC replacement & DCH readout upgrade  Replacing barrel RPCs with Limited-Streamer Tubes o Major collaboration effort involving SLAC and other west coast institutions, Princeton, OSU, and Italian institutions o Fast tracked: 1/3rd for installation in summer 2004, 2/3rd in summer 2005  DCH readout modifications o Potential DAQ bottleneck (deadtime source) in 2005 & beyond FADC decimation implemented this summer Hardware upgrade planned for summer 2005, which could be implemented in 1 month down Major hardware intervention: involves significant number of people and resources, originally planned on the basis of summer 04 & 05 installation

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans16 IFR upgrades o 6 layers: filled with brass o 12 layers: LSTs replace RPCs o 2 sectors completed in summer 2004 o 4 more in future Barrel: in progress Fwd Endcap: complete o 6 layers: filled with brass o 12 layers: RPCs replaced o New outer RPC, corner coverage

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans17 Barrel RPC average efficiency  Overall efficiency trend for barrel has stabilized since 2002 shutdown  But looking in more detail…reduced negative trend is still there  With the current slope, average barrel RPC efficiency could drop to ~20% by summer 2006  Concurrently, the fraction of dead modules is steadily increasing Dead module fraction

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans18 Muon identification efficiency —2000 NN —2003 NN —2001 NN —2004 NN —2002 NN  2000 cut-based Improvements in the muon selectors have significantly alleviated the effect of decreasing RPC efficiency ~90% ~70%

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans19 QC & selection of LST modules CEH assembly area

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans20 LST bottom sextant installation Backward side Before: Aug 15 After: Sep 4

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans21 LST top sextant installation Brass z-strips LST Modules Installation: Sep 16-29

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans22 Cosmic ray muon in new BABAR IFR Recorded Sept 30, 2004

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans23 DCH electronics upgrade  Motivation: o Reduce deadtime due to serialization and shipping of data from DIOM to ROM  Upgrade in two steps: o Phase 1 (2004): Ship only half the waveform information (32  16 bytes)  firmware change o Phase 2 (2005): Modify FPGA to do feature extraction before transmission  hardware change

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans24 DCH electronics upgrade  Phase I successful: o Firmware modifications (new PROMS) tested on Proto-II o All FEAs taken off the chamber, modified and mounted again o Cosmics taken at IR2 (EMC trig, no B-field) and put through OPR o FastMon plots show no problems  Plans for Phase II: o Design review Dec 7 o Install one FEA-2 board after X-mas shutdown o Full system ready for installation summer 2005

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans25 Future shutdown requirements  Installation tasks o Open barrel to allow LST installation in remaining 4 sextants (4 months) o Remove and modify DCH front-end assemblies (few weeks in parallel) o Remove support tube, install new diamond sensors for SVT radiation monitoring, but not SVT modules (3 months, mostly in parallel)  In process of optimizing timing of shutdown, with constraint of maintaining competitiveness Have concluded that replacement of horizontal modules in SVT is not warranted Long-standing BABAR goal: 500 fb -1 of 4S data by summer 2006 = double present data sample

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans26 5Mrad limit: Soft S/N deterioration S/N = 10 at 5 Mrads, S/N = 6 at 10 Mrads Radiation damage limits of SVT

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans27 o Resolution is degraded o Roughly 6µm/10% o Double at 20% occupancy 20% HOT RMS Residuals Occupancy affects performance both in terms of resolution and efficiency 20% occupancy limit is our working hypothesis Hit efficiency Hit efficiency vs. occupancy studied using data collected during vacuum leak SVT occupancy limits

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans28 Non-midplane modules: not a problem Midplane modules: starts to be a problem in 2006 Petersen 4 Mrad Radiation dose extrapolations 5 Mrad

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans29 Studies on the impact of physics results have been performed for a number of scenarios where we lose the functionality of a different number of chips in the mid-plane 35.3% 34.5% B  J/  s Example from most sensitive modes: soft  from B  D* 56% 51% Set E = 2 midplane chips off in L1& 2 (32 ICs) Scenarios with mid-plane L1-2 modules off: (UNREALISTIC) Mazur Impact of middle plane loss

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans30 Use fitted background parametrization from present experience to extrapolate to future running conditions Petersen YEAR 2004 YEAR 2007 For many chips, occupancy could be the real limiting factor independent of radiation damage Extrapolated occupancy

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans31 Shutdown length for LSTs and support tube  Open detector, clear slots, install LSTs, close detector o 11 rigging shifts/week; 6x10 hour LST installation shifts/week o 3.5 days for brass, 8 days for z-strips + modules, both per sextant o Total of about 4 months calendar time  Remove and install support tube (not yet integrated) o About 3 weeks in each direction based on previous experience o Assume 1+1 week in calendar time can be saved by work in parallel o Open SVT to allow access to Be bellows, but not module replacement  Total of 5 months for both tasks

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans32 Readiness for LST installation  Modules and brass o LST modules will be complete in early January o Brass will be on site by March  Tooling o Requires design load transfer tooling for EMC o Requires design, testing & approval of installation platforms Lateral support arms EMC installation fixtures Expect all preparations complete by July, 2005

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans33 Run options under consideration  “Early 2006 shutdown” o Ensure Run 5 is long enough to allow PEP-II to demonstrate 1.3x10 34, accumulate data for Winter 06 before LST shutdown o Run 5 extends until Dec 2005; shutdown from Jan-May 2006; Run 6 starts Jun 2006 o Advantage: Earliest LST insertion, smaller pressure on FY06 budget, long 06 run o Disadvantage: Only 400 fb -1 4S data for summer 06, PEP-II runs over summer run

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans34 Run options under consideration  “Late 2006 shutdown” o Run 5 extends over 19 months from Jan 05 to Aug 06, with Dec 05 off for PPS, rf installation; LST shutdown from Sep 06 to Jan 07 o Advantage: Over 530 fb -1 4S data for summer 06 o Disadvantage: Very late LST installation, pressure on FY05 and FY06 budgets; PEP-II running in summers of 05, 06, long-term loss of ~60-75 fb -1, short 06 run

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans35 Run options under consideration  “Mid 2006 shutdown” o Run 5 extends until we hit 500 fb -1 goal in April 06; shutdown from May-Sep 06 (extended summer down); Run 6 starts in Oct 06 o Advantage: ~500 fb -1 4S data for summer 06, PEP-II does not run over summer months, smaller pressure on FY06 budget, summer installation and manpower, more time for PEP-II upgrade components o Disadvantage: Later LST installation 1.Have not reconciled luminosity predictions with PEP-II; nor have we factored in the detailed PEP-II upgrade schedule 2.Shutdown start dates are flexible and illustrative Caveats

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans36 Options for 5 month down period o Early 06 shutdown = 5 months, Jan-May o Mid 06 shutdown = 5 months, May-Sep o Late 06 shutdown = 5 months, Sep-Jan

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans37 Closeup with summer 2006 outlook o Early 06 shutdown = 5 months, Jan-May o Mid 06 shutdown = 5 months, May-Sep o Late 06 shutdown = 5 months, Sep-Jan

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans38 Penguin performance comparison Penguin modes Charmonium modes BABAR late 06 BABAR mid 06 Belle estimate

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans39 Impact on muon physics performance Run 1-4Run 1-6: 19 month run Run 1-6: 2005 shutdown Luminosity Assume constant RPC efficiency K +  K *0  Assume declining RPC efficiency K +  K *0  RPC efficiency: 69% (potentially declining to 20%) LST efficiency: 92%

MAC - Dec 13, 2004BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans40 Conclusion Mid-2006 shutdown looks like best option Corollary: Run 5 should extend continuously through at least Dec 2005 o Allows SLAC, BABAR, PEP-II, DOE and other funding agencies to plan for calendar 2005 on this basis o Decisions on 2006 run optimization needs further discussion & study o May well depend on factors that will not be clear for some time yet, including budget requirements, LCLS, and success of Run 5 o Advantage: ~500 fb -1 4S data for summer 06, PEP-II does not run over summer months, smaller pressure on FY06 budget, summer installation and manpower, more time for PEP-II upgrade components o Disadvantage: Later LST installation