1 Formulating & Implementing Political Strategies Picking a Political Strategy Depends on the Payoff AND your Ability to Carry it off
2 Implementation Measures Communication and Public AdvocacyCommunication and Public Advocacy TestimonyTestimony LobbyingLobbying Electoral SupportElectoral Support Grassroots ActivitiesGrassroots Activities Coalition BuildingCoalition Building Political EntrepreneurshipPolitical Entrepreneurship Judicial StrategiesJudicial Strategies
3 Communication and Public Advocacy Communicating to the Elected Officials and the Public through the MediaCommunicating to the Elected Officials and the Public through the Media –Get the Media’s Attention »advertising –Frame the Message –Convey the Message Drawbacks: Costly, Weak on Closure
4 Public Testimony before Legislative Committees, Administrative Agencies, & Courts Advantages: Full presentation of your case, including evidence & evaluation of policy alternatives, including your predictions of consequences, your policy prescription DIRECTLY TO DECISION MAKERS Advantages: Full presentation of your case, including evidence & evaluation of policy alternatives, including your predictions of consequences, your policy prescription DIRECTLY TO DECISION MAKERS Drawbacks: X examination, other sides, zingers Drawbacks: X examination, other sides, zingers
5 Lobbying (A) Provision of Private Information to Government Officials Decision Facilitating vs. Decision Influencing Information Information about policy consequences that are of interest to the DM Information about policy consequences that are of interest to the DM Information about the contingent actions to be taken by LO that are of interest to the DM Information about the contingent actions to be taken by LO that are of interest to the DM e.g.., support, opposition, etc. Tactical and strategic information and advice Tactical and strategic information and advice e.g.., vote trading, bundling, etc.
6 Lobbying (B) Access Access –Reputation (CEOs are usually better than paid Lobbyists, but then their time is also usually more costly) –Personal relationships TimingTiming Internal/Government AlliesInternal/Government Allies
7 How to Get Access Electoral Support (Campaign Contributions)Electoral Support (Campaign Contributions) Peak Associations, Trade Associations (PACs)Peak Associations, Trade Associations (PACs) Grassroots Campaigns (shareholders, employees & communities, suppliers, customers)Grassroots Campaigns (shareholders, employees & communities, suppliers, customers) Mobilization of whole rent chainMobilization of whole rent chain
8 Client Politics The CONSTITUENCY ConnectionThe CONSTITUENCY Connection Policy Concerns of the Elected OfficialPolicy Concerns of the Elected Official Provision of Resources to Elected OfficialProvision of Resources to Elected Official Organize a COALITIONOrganize a COALITION Dissuade Potential OpponentsDissuade Potential Opponents
9 Interest Group Politics Advantage to the STATUS QUOAdvantage to the STATUS QUO SQ Wins by Delay, Diffusion of Knowledge of Issues favors SQSQ Wins by Delay, Diffusion of Knowledge of Issues favors SQ Proponents of Policy Change Must Get ALL of their Ducks in Line and MOVE FASTProponents of Policy Change Must Get ALL of their Ducks in Line and MOVE FAST Pockets of Interest; Policy EntrepreneursPockets of Interest; Policy Entrepreneurs
10 Defensive Tactics Divide and ConquerDivide and Conquer Play the Constituency CardPlay the Constituency Card Expand the Number of Dimensions of the IssueExpand the Number of Dimensions of the Issue Focus on the Elected Officials who care least about the IssueFocus on the Elected Officials who care least about the Issue
11 The Rent Chain Factor SuppliersFactor Suppliers The Value ChainThe Value Chain »inbound logistics »operations »outbound logistics, sales, service, & product support Distribution ChannelsDistribution Channels CustomersCustomers
12 BUT IS IT RIGHT? Business Interests ARE NOT Public InterestsBusiness Interests ARE NOT Public Interests Unwarranted PowerUnwarranted Power Abuse of PowerAbuse of Power