Introduction to AI & AI Principles (Semester 1) WEEK 3 – Wednesday Introduction to AI & AI Principles (Semester 1) WEEK 3 – Wednesday (2008/09) John Barnden Professor of Artificial Intelligence School of Computer Science University of Birmingham // UK

Video ROBOTIC CAR RACE (video shown was at the Chapter 6 link, but there are others)

Links to Other Disciplines uPsychology: on how human and other animal minds work and how behaviour arises. uPhysiology & Neurophysiology: on how bodies & brains work. uPhilosophy: on the nature of mind // thought // consciousness // language // morality // imagination // reasoning // representation // … uLinguistics: on the nature of communication via language uSociology: on the nature and operation of society uothers

Reminder: The Three Case Studies uMaking Hot Drinks for some Friends uGoing on a Shopping Trip uTackling Crime (etc.)

Discussion of Individual Exercise 1 HOT DRINKS uImagine having your friends round for coffee // tea etc. in the middle of the morning // say. What physical (or other) skills do you need? What knowledge do you need about the world (about physical objects // people // culture // …)? What communication with people do you need to do? What reasoning do you need to do? What roles does learning play?

HOT DRINKS What physical …. skills do you need? //// // // //… // … // … // … Filling a kettle // switching the kettle on // pouring hot liquid // holding a cup holding liquid without it spilling // picking a way through a group of mobile entities // visually monitoring what you’ve done … // … // … // … What knowledge do you need about the world (about physical objects, people, culture, …)? //// // // // // // // // // … // … // … How to prepare boiling water // what sorts of drinks there are // what you have in your kitchen // what the guests want (NB: economical representation of that) how much instant coffee to put in a mug // similarly water, milk and sugar // people’s drinking habits (in general, and individuals’) // how to deal with a spill // possible effects of a spill // what to do as a host // what (not) to expect of a guest // … // … // … What communication with people do you need to do? // //// // … // … // … Asking the guests what they want // interpreting their answers and later requests // using non-verbal communication as well as verbal // tactfully getting rid of people // … // … // …

HOT DRINKS (contd.) What reasoning do you need to do? //// // // // // Planning a reasonable drink preparation sequence, given the desires of the guests // rationing ingredients if you’re short of them // suggesting likely alternatives if you don’t have something // reasoning about when (not) to offer a refill // reasoning whether refusals of more of something are sincere or just polite // reasoning about how to split or share tasks if someone helps you // reasoning that if someone has already wanted decaff they will continue to want it; reasoning about how to deal with someone who is sad; // … // … // … What roles does learning play? // // // … // … // … Through previous life, learning all the above knowledge, skills and abilities // finding out quickly and remembering how to do something if you don’t know // gradually or quickly learning what your friends like // … // … // …

Discussion of Group Exercise TACKLING CRIME ETC. 1/N uWalking the back streets of Birmingham at night // you come across a semi-conscious young woman on the ground. In her hand she holds a transparent cylindrical plastic container in which there is a lock of hair // which doesn’t look anything like her own. When you try to speak to her she only groans. What’s going on and what do you do?!

The Hair Girl Mystery Knowledge: //// //// // //// // … // … // … People’s hair practices (hair dyeing, keeping hair as memento, etc.) // purposes of plastic tubes // people’s relationships and what happens to them // why someone may be semi-conscious // how to deal with a semi-conscious person // how to call the appropriate emergency service // how to describe where you are // knowing what you don’t know when talking to the emergency operator // … // … // … Reasoning: // // // //… // … // … Wondering about possible scenarios // deciding whether to hang around and help // working our where to find a phone if you don’t have one // deciding what to do if there’s a delay in the ambulance coming // … // … // …

Discussion of Individual Exercise 2 SHOPPING TRIP 1/N uImagine going out by yourself to buy a variety of items for yourself and some friends. What physical (or other) skills do you need? What knowledge do you need about the world (about physical objects // people // culture // …)? What communication with people do you need to do? What reasoning do you need to do? What roles does learning play?

SHOPPING TRIP 1/N (brief) What physical …. skills do you need? // // //// … // … Seeing things esp. in cluttered environment // walking about esp. in crowded street or shop // carrying (several) things esp. without dropping them or clobbering other people // reading maps and diagrammatic signs // … // … What knowledge do you need about the world (about physical objects, people, culture, …)? // ////// //// //// … // … What shops (might) sell what // opening hours of shops (in general and in particular) // where particular shops are or are likely to be // layout of towns // how to make a purchase // typical costs of things // how much money or credit you have // what the people you’re buying things for like // … // … What reasoning do you need to do? // // // //// // … // … Working out what shops might sell what // planning a reasonably efficient route round the shops, and planning for possible problems // re-planning (taking advantage of serendipities and overcoming problems) // reasoning about money spent and remaining // reasoning about what clothes might go with each other // searching through piles and racks of clothes, toys, food, etc. // … // … Communication and learning? ((no comment here))

EVERYDAY VISION & MOVEMENT (postponed till next Tuesday)