Civic Integration in the Netherlands

Foreigners in the Netherlands  What is the largest group of foreigners in the Netherlands?  Germans (390,000)

Population Breakdown in Holland 2004  Total:  Ethnic Dutch:  Western Migrants:  Non-Western Migrants:

Ethnic Minorities in the Netherlands 2004  Turks:  Surinamers:  Moroccans:  Antilleans: NB: Does not include illegal immigrants Population of Surinam: Population of Antilles:

Growth of ethnic minorities

Non-Western Migrants

Two stages of integration policy  : Multiculturalism  Successful integration no condition for citizenship, rights, benefits  Funding of religious and ethnic organizations, Islamic schools  Accommodation through social services in migrant’s language  No real civic integration debate to speak of

Fortuyn quotes:  The Netherlands, with a population of 16 million, has enough inhabitants. The Netherlands is crowded”  “I am in favor of a cold war with Islam. I see Islam as an extraordinary threat, as a hostile religion.“  ”Muslims in the Netherlands need to accept living together with the Dutch, and if that is unacceptable for them, they are free to leave”.  “If it were legally possible, I would ensure that not a single Muslim could come to the Netherlands”

Fortuyn quotes ctd.  "I don't hate Islam. I consider it a backward culture. I have traveled much in the world. And wherever Islam rules, it's just terrible. All the hypocrisy. It's a bit like those old Reformed Protestants. The Reformed lie all the time. And why is that? Because they have norms and values that are so high that you can't humanly maintain them. You also see that in Muslim culture. Then look at the Netherlands. In what country could an electoral leader of such a large movement as mine be openly homosexual? How wonderful that that's possible. That's something that one can be proud of. And I'd like to keep it that way."

The multicultural debate

Two stages of civic integration debate  2002-present:  Expulsion of 30,000 failed asylum seekers  Limiting of family reunions  Expulsion of Antillean youths who commit crimes  Possible limiting of the number of Islamic Schools

Problems  Turks  65% have little to no contact with ethnic Dutch  55% speak little to no Dutch  75% import spouses from Turkey  Moroccans  85% import spouses from Morocco  60% have little to no contact with ethnic Dutch  Youths commit disproportionate share of crime  Antilleans  48% of arrivals aged remain unemployed  Youths commit disproportionate share of crime

Reasons for migration to the Netherlands 2004

Civic Integration Test  Family reunions  Sponsor must earn 120% of minimum wage  Sponsor and spouse must be 21 years or older  Imported spouse must pass civic integration test in Dutch language and culture  New Arrivals to the Netherlands  Exempt:  Americans, Australians, Canadians, other EU and EFTA citizens, Swiss, Japanese, New Zealanders  Asylum seekers & family members  Knowledge migrants and those in possession of a work permit & family members  Surinamers who have completed primary education in Dutch

Crime and Integration Males as suspects Aged Aged Aged Dutch Turks Moroccans Antilleans Surinamers

Surinamers: A Partial Success Story Higher Education Dutch21%27% Surinamers15%19% Turks5%8% Moroccans6%9% Antilleans16%16% Other13%16%

Surinamers II Work Force Participation MenWomenTotal Dutch79%54%67% Surinamers72%55%63% Turks61%26%44% Moroccans48%19%34% Antilleans61%50%55%

The Future?  From non-Western migrant population doubled  By 2020 four major Dutch cities: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht will be at least 50% Muslim  No going back to multiculturalist model

The Netherlands 2020  Turks:  Moroccans:  Surinamers:  Antilleans:  Asians:  Africans:  Latin Americans: % of the Dutch population