Rena Angelidaki A sustainable solution for pig manure treatment: Environmental compliance with the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control directive (PIGMAN) PIGMAN

Cost EU project - Partners

Contamination soil and ground water Contamination soil and ground water Contamination surface water Contamination surface water Emission of green house gasses (carbon dioxide and methane) Emission of green house gasses (carbon dioxide and methane) Emission of ammonia gas (acidification) Emission of ammonia gas (acidification) Odour emission Odour emission Main environmental problems caused by pig manure

Pig manure on Cyprus

To develop and test a working prototype of a digester + water treatment plant: Removal of organic matter (anaerobic digest ion) Removal of organic matter (anaerobic digest ion) P precipitation as struvite P precipitation as struvite N rem oval by partial ammonia oxidation process N rem oval by partial ammonia oxidation process Main objective PIGMAN

Process flow chart

Biogas Digester Other Manure WaterWater treatment SolidsCompost Anaerorbic digestion

Mg 2+ + NH HPO H 2 O  MgNH 4 PO 4 · 6H 2 O + H + P removal as struvite Struvite precipitation > 90% of the phosphate is removed from the water Solids and organic matters are removes which gives 50% COD reduction and 30% N reduction Every kg P gives 7,9 kg MgAP (MgAP is a fertilizer which can be dry used)

Ammonia removal Conventional: nitrification/denitrification Conventional: nitrification/denitrification Novel: OLAND = oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification/denitrification Novel: OLAND = oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification/denitrification

Flowsheet suggestion Anaerobic dig. Separation UASB reactor Anphos Oland process Clean Waste Water CH4-prod., COD reduction COD reduction CH4-prod., COD reduct., Part. P removal P removal, partial N removal N removal

DTU’s activities: Codigestion of manure together with animal byproducts Codigestion of manure together with animal byproducts Ultrafiltration of centrifugate Ultrafiltration of centrifugate Struvite precipitation Struvite precipitation UASB reactor for further COD removal UASB reactor for further COD removal Oland process Oland process

Hegndal biogas plant ReactorDecanter CentrifugeUltra filter

The effluent from the decanter centrifuge is collected in an underground tank (Hegndal Biogas plant).

The tank (H=170cm, D=130cm) where the membrane was installed Technical specifications of Mitsubishi membranes MBR test unit given by the supplier: Membranes: Submerged, capilliar Producer: Mitsubishi Rayon Company, Japan Surface membrane:1.5 m2 Withdrawal flow:30 l/hr Back flush flow:1.5 * withdrawal flow = 45 l/hr

Membrane filtration unit.

The liquor in the membrane filtration tank

Foaming 12 hours after initiation of the filtration

Clogged membrane after 3 days of operation

The liquor after membrane filtration

Biofilm formation on the membrane surface Microbial communites in the biofilm studied by FISH Biofilm microbial community overview (DAPI) Eubacteria (EUB 338 and EUB 338+) Archaea (ARC 915)

Conclusions for the membrane filtration step Maximal obtained outflow rate -12 L filtrate per hour. Maximal obtained outflow rate -12 L filtrate per hour. Aeration of the membrane creates foaming after 12 hours. Aeration of the membrane creates foaming after 12 hours. Clogging of the membrane was observed after 3-4 days of operation (back flushing with water was not able to completely remove accumulated particles). Clogging of the membrane was observed after 3-4 days of operation (back flushing with water was not able to completely remove accumulated particles). The membrane was not suitable for practical application (filtration of the decanter centrifuge effluent). The membrane was not suitable for practical application (filtration of the decanter centrifuge effluent).

UASB (Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) experiments

Future activities Treatment of the UASB effluents with: Treatment of the UASB effluents with: –Anphos –Oland