Module 3: Statistical Quality Control Operations Management as a Competitive Weapon
2 OM Course Framework 1. Cost - Design & Selection 2. Quality - TQM - SQC 3. Dependability - Project Management - JIT 4. Flexibility - Inventory - Supply Chain - Location - Forecasting - Aggregate Planning
3 Module 03: Statistical Quality Control Learning Objectives At the end of this module, each student will be able to: 1.Discuss SQC background 2.Discuss SQC types and characteristics 3.Explain Statistical Process Control
4 Module 03: Statistical Quality Control 1. SQC Background Involves collecting, organizing, & interpreting data Objective: Regulate product quality Used to Control the process as products are produced Inspect samples of finished products
5 Module 03: Statistical Quality Control 2. SQC Types Statistical Quality Control Process Control Acceptance Sampling Variables Charts Attributes Charts VariablesAttributes
Characteristics for which you focus on defects Classify products as either ‘good’ or ‘bad’, or count # defects e.g., radio works or not 2. SQC Characteristics Variables Characteristics that you measure e.g., weight, length Whole number or fractional value
7 Module 03: Statistical Quality Control 3. Statistical Process Control Statistical Quality Control Process Control Acceptance Sampling Variables Charts Attributes Charts VariablesAttributes
8 Module 03: Statistical Quality Control Statistical Process Control (SPC) Statistical technique used to ensure process is making product to standard All process are subject to variability Natural causes: Random variations Assignable causes: Correctable problems Machine wear, unskilled workers, poor mat’l Objective: Identify assignable causes
9 Module 03: Statistical Quality Control Control Charts-Theoretical Basis 95.5% of all X fall within ± 2 X
10 Control Charts-Theoretical Basis
11 Control Charts-Theoretical Basis
12 Control Charts-Theoretical Basis UCL LCL
13 Module 03: Statistical Quality Control Control Chart Purposes Show changes in data pattern e.g., trends Show causes of changes in data Assignable causes Natural causes
14 Module 03: Statistical Quality Control SQC Types Statistical Quality Control Process Control Acceptance Sampling Variables Charts Attributes Charts VariablesAttributes
15 Module 03: Statistical Quality Control R Chart Shows sample ranges over time Difference between smallest & largest values in inspection sample Monitors variability in process Example: Weigh samples of coffee & compute ranges of samples; Plot
16 Module 03: Statistical Quality Control X Chart Shows sample means over time Monitors process average Example: Weigh samples of coffee & compute means of samples; Plot
17 Module 03: Statistical Quality Control SQC Types Statistical Quality Control Process Control Acceptance Sampling Variables Charts Attributes Charts VariablesAttributes
18 Module 03: Statistical Quality Control p Chart Type of attributes control chart Shows % of nonconforming items Example: Count # defective chairs & divide by total chairs inspected; Plot Chair is either defective or not defective
19 Module 03: Statistical Quality Control c Chart Type of attributes control chart Shows number of nonconformities (defects) in a unit Example: Count # defects (scratches, chips etc.) in each chair of a sample of 100 chairs; Plot