Genetics Conception: ovum and sperm fuse to create zygote Chromosomes: contain all biologically inherited information (DNA) Ovum: 23 chromosomes (mom’s.

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Presentation transcript:

Genetics Conception: ovum and sperm fuse to create zygote Chromosomes: contain all biologically inherited information (DNA) Ovum: 23 chromosomes (mom’s contribution) Sperm: 23 chromosomes (dad’s contribution)

Zygote 46 chromosomes (23 pairs: 23 from mom and 23 from dad) 22 pairs are called autosomes 23rd pair contain the sex chromosomes

Karotype

Mitosis Cell division resulting in new diploid cells (46 chromosomes) Chromosomes replicate, then split into two diploid cells

Mitosis Body Cell 46Chromosomes Daughter Cell 46Chromosomes 46Chromosomes

Meiosis Cell division resulting in haploid (23 chromosomes) cells Creation of gametes (sex cells: ovum and sperm)

Meiosis Germ Cell 46Chromosomes Gamete23ChromosomesGamete23Chromosomes

Polygenic Inheritance Affected by many genes rather than by a single pair.

Sex-linked Chromosomal Abnormalities Kleinfelter’s syndrome: XXY XYY syndrome Fragile X XXX Turner’s syndrome

Non Sex-linked Chromosomal Abnormalities Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) –Translocation trisomy –Mosaicism –Nondisjunction during meiosis

Down Syndrome

Simian Crease

Maternal Age – Chromosomal Abnormalities AgeTrisomy 21 rateOther chromosomal rate 201/16671/ /12501/ /9521/ /3781/ /1061/66 451/301/21

Genetic Disorders TaySachs (autosomal recessive) Cystic Fibrosis (autosomal recessive) Phenylketonuria (PKU) (recessive) Muscular Dystrophy (dominant)