MOM->MQ-> ESB ->(Integration server) Yrityksen tietojärjestelmien integrointi Petri Maaranen TJTST21 Spring 2006

Topics Message oriented middleware Message brokers Enterprise Service bus TJTST21 Spring 2006

TJTST21 Spring 2006

Types of Middleware • Remote procedure calls • Message-oriented middleware • Distributed objects • Database-oriented middleware • Transaction-oriented middleware • Message brokers TJTST21 Spring 2006

Message Oriented Middleware • Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM) was created to address some of the shortcomings of RPCs (RMI) through the use of messaging. • Like RPCs, MOM provides a standard API across hardware, operating system platforms, and networks. • MOM is also able to guarantee that messages will reach their destination, even when the destination is not available (asynchronous mode). TJTST21 Spring 2006

Message-Oriented Middleware (2) • The asynchronous model allows the application to continue processing after making a middleware service request. The message is dispatched to queue manager, which makes sure that the message is delivered to its final destination. • This asynchronous paradigm is much more convenient for developers and users because it does not block the application form processing although the model is more complex. TJTST21 Spring 2006

Message-Oriented Middleware (3) • There are two models supported by the MOM: – point-to-point (both systems must be active) – message queuing (MQ, one end has to be active) • MQ has several performance advantages over the traditional RPCs – each participating program proceeds on its own pace without interruption from the middleware layer – a program can publish the same the same message to many remote programs without waiting the programs to be up and running – the queue manager can optimize the performance through priorization, load balancing, and thread pooling TJTST21 Spring 2006

TJTST21 Spring 2006

TJTST21 Spring 2006

Message-Oriented Middleware (4) Message Brokers • A message broker is a software system based on asynchronous, store-and-forward messaging. • It manages interactions between applications and other information resources, utilizing abstraction techniques. • Simple operation: an application puts (publishes) a message to the broker, another application gets (subscribes to) the message. The applications do not need to be session connected. TJTST21 Spring 2006

(Message Brokers, MQ) • MQ is fairly fault tolerant in the cases of network or system failure. • Most MQ software lets the message be declared as persistent or stored to disk during a commit at certain intervals. This allows for recovery on such situations. • Each MQ product implements the notion of messaging in its own way. • Widely used commercial examples include IBM’s MQSeries and Microsoft’s MSMQ. TJTST21 Spring 2006

TJTST21 Spring 2006

Message Brokers Any-to-any The ability to connect diverse applications and other information resources – The consistency of the approach – Common look-and-feel of all connected resources • Many-to-many – Once a resource is connected and publishing information, the information is easily reusable by any other application that requires it. TJTST21 Spring 2006

Standard Features of Message Brokers • Message transformation engines – Allow the message broker to alter the way information is presented for each application. • Intelligent routing capabilities – Ability to identify a message, and an ability to route them to appropriate location. • Rules processing capabilities – Ability to apply rules to the transformation and routing of information. TJTST21 Spring 2006

TJTST21 Spring 2006

Services provided by Message Brokers (or Integration servers) • (A) Message transformation • (B) Rules processing • (C) Intelligent routing • (D) Message warehousing and flow control • (E) Repository services • (F) Directory services • (G) Management • (H) APIs and adapters TJTST21 Spring 2006

(A) Message Transformation Layer • The message transformation layer understands the format of all messages being passed among the applications and transforms those messages while they move. • It provides a common dictionary that contains information on how each application communicates outside itself, as well as which pieces of information have meaning to which applications. TJTST21 Spring 2006

Message Transformation Layer (2) • Generally contain parsing and pattern-matching methods that describe the structure of any message format. • Message formats are then constructed from pieces that represent each field encapsulated within a message. • Once the message has been broken down to its components parts, the fields may be recombined to create a new message. • Two kinds of transformations: schema conversions and data conversions. TJTST21 Spring 2006

Schema and Data Conversions •A schema conversion is the process of changing the structure of a message, and thus re-mapping the schema, so that it is acceptable for the target system. • In other words, general re-mapping of data formats. •A data conversion is the process of determining the data format of source and target applications, assessing the differences between them. • That is, changes within an individual data field. TJTST21 Spring 2006

TJTST21 Spring 2006

(B) Rules Processing • The rules processing engine provides the ability to create rules to control the processing and distribution of messages. • It is an application development environment supported by the message broker to address the special requirements of integrating applications. • By using rules engine, it becomes possible to implement intelligent message routing and transformation. • The logic for sharing information. TJTST21 Spring 2006

The Rules • Most often, rules engines use traditional Boolean logic (IF, ELSE, and OR) with an higher level language to associate the rule with appropriate actions. • Generally relies on scripting languages rather than more complex programming languages. • The implementation of the rules generation varies from entering commands to the broker to Wizard-assisted management of rules repositories. TJTST21 Spring 2006

(C) Intelligent Routing • A message broker can identify a message coming from the source application and route it to the proper target application, transforming it if required. • Builds on the capabilities of both the rules layer and the message transformation layer. • This happens virtually instantaneously, with as many as a thousand of these operations simultaneously. TJTST21 Spring 2006

(D) Message Warehousing • A message warehouse is a database that, as an option, is able to store messages that flow through the message broker. • This feature is provided for – Message mining – Message integrity – Message archiving –Auditing TJTST21 Spring 2006

Message Mining and Integrity • Data mining – Allows extraction of business data to support decision making – For example, the amount and characteristics of new customer information processed through the broker – Rules can be applied to alter the messages prior the storing, e.g., for the data to make sense to business users • Message integrity – A persistent buffer or queue for messages on the event of system failures (or for other reasons) – The messages may be resent or compared with other warehouses on the network to insure integrity TJTST21 Spring 2006

Message Archiving and Auditing – Ability to store months (or more) of message traffic – For auditing or other purposes • Auditing – Using the warehouse to determine the health of the EAI solution – One can monitor message traffic loads, message content variations, the number of messages requiring transformation, etc. TJTST21 Spring 2006

(E) Repository Services • A message broker repository is a database of information about source and target applications. • A sophisticated repository is capable of keeping track not only rudimentary information (such as directory data), but more sophisticated information about the systems: – Location of system – Transformation information – Security parameters – Design and architecture information – Rules and logic for message – Object information processing – Message schema information -- Metadata – Enabling technology TJTST21 Spring 2006

Value of the Repository • A common reference point for all connected processes and databases. • Greatly simplifies integrating data and methods: it is just about finding their equivalents and joining them together. • Possibility to track all the rules applied within the EAI problem domain. • By containing the schema of both source and target system, it also contains information for proper transformation of messages flowing from source to target. TJTST21 Spring 2006

(F) Directory Services • Message brokers deal with distributed systems, and thus require directory services to – locate, – identify, –use, and – authorize network resources for those systems • Directory services provide a single point of entry for applications and middleware – directories know where to find resources on behalf of applications. TJTST21 Spring 2006

Directory Services (2) • Directory services are nothing more than a way to classify resources on the network in a way consistent with any other method of classification. • A multitude of widely available directory services exists: – Domain Name System (DNS) – Novell’s NetWare Directory System and Directory Services – Netscape Communications’ Directory Server – Microsoft’s Active Directory – X.500 TJTST21 Spring 2006

(G) Management • Administration and management of the EAI problem domain is primarily the responsibility of the management layer of the message broker. • General purpose management tools, such as IBM Tivoli Framework, Microsoft Systems Management Server, HP OpenView, Novell ZENworks and CA Unicenter, lack the ability to monitor message traffic, message integrity, and the coordination of the distribution of messages among target applications. TJTST21 Spring 2006

(H) Adapters and APIs • API is nothing more than the mechanism that allows an application to access the services of a message broker. • Adapters link deeply into an application without having to invoke the native interfaces. – Layers between the message broker interface and the source or target application – For example, set of libraries that map the differences between two distinct interfaces – Adapters for different source and target applications(SAP R/3, Baan, Oracle, PeopleSoft,…) – Adapters for certain types of databases (Oracle, Sybase, DB2,..) TJTST21 Spring 2006

Enterprise Service Bus Found in a category of middleware infrastructure products usually based on Web services standards, that provides foundational services for more complex service-oriented architectures via an event-driven and XML-based messaging engine (the bus). An enterprise service bus generally provides an abstraction layer on top of an Enterprise Messaging System which allows integration architects to exploit the value of messaging without writing code. TJTST21 Spring 2006

ESB common characteristics it requires the clear separation of message headers and message body it is usually operating system and language independent; it should work between Java and .Net applications, for example it (often) uses XML and Web services to transport messages it includes adapter standards (such as J2C) for incorporating existing applications into the bus it includes support for asynchronous processing it includes intelligent, content-based routing it includes a standardized security model to authorize, authenticate, and audit use of the ESB it includes transformation services (such as XSLT) between the format of the sending application and the receiving application, including the transformation of data formats it includes validation against schemas for sending and receiving messages it can uniformly apply business rules, enrichment of the message from other sources, splitting and combining of multiple messages, and the handling of exceptions it can conditionally route or transform messages based on a central policy it is monitored for message latency and other characteristics described in a Service Level Agreement it (often) facilitates "service classes," responding appropriately to higher and lower priority users it supports queuing, holding messages if applications are temporarily unavailable it handles a "publish and subscribe" messaging model, including event handling TJTST21 Spring 2006

ESB / XML An alternative view, particularly for high performance enterprise service buses, is that "standard" message formats should flow across the bus, not just XML. Generating XML and parsing it can be costly in terms of processing and memory, and high volume scenarios may not be viable. TJTST21 Spring 2006

ESB-related vendors Strictly speaking ESB is an architectural concept which may be implemented by one or more products. Most vendors naturally argue that ESB is a product — their product — and more and more are putting "ESB" in their product names and literature. There are a number of vendors who offer ESB-oriented products. TJTST21 Spring 2006

Vendors Adea Solutions[2]: Adea ESB Framework ServiceMix[3]: ServiceMix (Apache) [4]: Synapse (Apache Incubator) BEA: AquaLogic Service Bus BIE: Business integration Engine Cape Clear Software: Cape Clear 6 Cordys: Cordys ESB Fiorano Software Inc. Fiorano ESB™ 2006 IBM: WebSphere Platform (specifically WebSphere Message Broker or WebSphere ESB) IONA Technologies: Artix iWay Software: iWay Adaptive Framework for SOA Microsoft: .NET Platform Microsoft BizTalk Server [5] ObjectWeb: Celtix (Open Source, LGPL) Oracle: Oracle Integration products Petals Services Platform: EBM WebSourcing & Fossil E-Commerce (Open Source) PolarLake: Integration Suite LogicBlaze: ServiceMix ESB (Open Source, Apache Lic.) Software AG: EntireX Sonic Software: Sonic ESB SymphonySoft: Mule (Open Source) TIBCO Software Virtuoso Universal Server webMethods: webMethods Fabric TJTST21 Spring 2006

Conclusions Message oriented middleware -> Message brokers-> ESB Services provided by Message Brokers Common characteristics of ESB Products and vendors TJTST21 Spring 2006