Chaucer’s Orient: Medieval Orientalism?

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Presentation transcript:

Chaucer’s Orient: Medieval Orientalism?

The World According to The Wife of Bath? God helpe me so, I was to hym as kynde As any wyf from Denmark unto Ynde (WBPro 823-24) Betwixt this and the mount of Kaukasous (WBT 1140) That is betwixe the est and eke the west

“Auffrike, Europe, and asye,” (House of Fame 1339) Mappa Mundi

The Lambeth Map(1350-70) Tripartite or T-O map ‘paradysus’ Jerusalem

East meets West during the Middle Ages Three Primary Points of Contact Trade Pilgrimage The Crusades

The Crusades Third Crusade 1188: England involved Crusades “ended” in 1272 Individual crusades continued during Chaucer’s lifetime

Crusading Romances Promoted the idea of Western/ Christian superiority over the Eastern/Muslim (pagan) world through either… the conversion of Islamic knights the destruction of Arabian armies One of these texts, the popular Sir Beues, was known to Chaucer as he apparently imitated the meter

Chaucer Mapping the Crusades “Alisaundre,” in Egypt “Lyeys,” in Turkey Knight’s “Palatye” in Anatolia campaigning Surrye (Syria) - first lines of the Man of Law’s Tale the Holy Land – origin of the relic mentioned in the Reeve’s Tale

East-West Trade European Trade with the East Normans in Italy & First Crusade Successful until 15th century Chaucer’s Family & Community Chaucer’s Travels in Europe France, Spain, Italy Indirectly affected by Boccaccio’s perceptions

Exchange of Knowledge & Chaucer Eastern Literature 1001 Nights: frame structure (Tales, Decameron) Squire’s Prologue &Tale Medicine Doctor of Physik: “Wel knew he the olde […] Haly, Razis, and Aycen” (GP 31-2) Astronomy/Astrology Treatise on Astrolabe Franklin’s Tale

Medieval Orientalism Travel Literature French Romances Boccaccio Jehan de Mandeville Marco Polo French Romances Cléomadès Cycle (Adenès le Rois) Squire’s Méliacin (Girard d’Amiens) Tale Boccaccio

“Domesticating the Exotic” & Oriental Eroticism Squire’s Tale Eastern setting & details European characters & romance Legend of Good Women: Cleo & Dido Boccaccio as sources for both Sexually excessive characterization but… Chaucer is less malicious, more ambiguous

Works Cited/Consulted Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Riverside Chaucer. Ed. Larry D. Benson. 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton, 1987. Ganim, John M. Medievalism and Orientalism. Heffernan, Carol F. The Orient in Chaucer and Medieval Romance. Woodbridge, Suffolk: D.S. Brewer, 2003. Lynch, Kathryn L. Chaucer’s Cultural Geography. New York: Routledge, 2002. Metlitzki, Dorothee. The Matter of Araby in Medieval England. New Haven: Yale UP, 1977. Westrem, Scott D. “Geography and Travel.”A Companion to Chaucer. Ed. Peter Brown. Malden: Blackwell, 2007.