4- Focus on Writing Audience, Content, and Tone In any kind of writing, audience refers to the people who read what you write. What you say – content – and how you say it – tone- will depend on your audience. Tips on Content Write about what your audience needs to know. Write about what will interest your audience. Write about what will be appropriate for your audience. A letter to a friend will probably be about everyday, personal things. A letter to a boss will probably be about professional things only. Pg Ms Sherine El Deeb

Tips on Tone A letter to a close friend may have a lot of slang and may sound very casual. A letter to a teacher or a boss will not use any slang and will be more formal. When you write a letter to a friend, you can express negative emotions like anger. When you write to teacher, to a boss, or to people you don’t know, you should avoid expressing these emotions directly. Pg Ms Sherine El Deeb

Read the following note. Then read the statements below. Circle the correct words to complete these statements about audience, content, and tone. 1- Matt is Alice’s boss / husband / young son. 2- The content is about work / everyday household items / personal topics. 3- The tone is formal / informal. Pg Ms Sherine El Deeb

Answers 1- husband 2- everyday household items 3- informal 3- Mr Green wrote magazine articles about organic food for three different magazines. Read the information about the three magazines. Mother’s World is a magazine for mothers. It gives advice on food, schools, and many other topics. Garden Times is for people who have homes with gardens, and who like to grow flowers and perhaps some fruits and vegetables for their families. Farming News is for professional farmers; it gives them the latest information about farming. The following sentences come from the three magazine articles that Mr. Green wrote. Read each group of sentences and decide which magazine they come from. Pg Ms Sherine El Deeb

Answers: 1- Garden Times 2- Farming News 3- Mother’s World 4- The following sentences come from two different letters. One, addressed to the manager of a school cafeteria, tells why the cafeteria should serve organic produce. The other letter, addressed to a friend who always eats organic food, tells about the cafeteria. Read each sentence and decide which letter it is from. Check ( √) To Manager or To Friend. To Manager: 1, 3, 4, 7,8 To Friend: 2, 5, 6 Pg Ms Sherine El Deeb

B- Grammar: Count and Non- Count Nouns Pg Non- Count NounsCount Nouns 1-Non count nouns refer to things that cannot be counted. salt, sugar, milk, water, juice, rice 1-Count nouns refer to people or things that can be counted. One book three books One school two schools One student three students 2-They do not have a plural form. Do not add –s or –es to non- count nouns. Numbers cannot be used before non- count nouns. I buy produce at the supermarket. We have bread. I drink milk. 2-They can be singular or plural. Plural count nouns need only –s or –es at the end of the word. Numbers can be used with count nouns. Singular Plural One shopper two shoppers One vegetable two vegetables Ms Sherine El Deeb

Non- Count NounsCount Nouns 3- Do not use a or an before non- count nouns. I need milk. I need bread. 3- Use a or an before a singular count noun. I need an onion. I need a tomato. I need a carrot. 4- Some can be used with non- count nouns in affirmative statements. I need some milk. ( non count -nouns) 4- Some can be used with plural count nouns in affirmative statements. I need some onions. ( count nouns) 5- Use any with non- count nouns in negative statements. I don’t have any milk. ( non count -nouns) 5- Use any with plural count nouns in negative statements. I don’t have any onions. ( count nouns) 6- A lot can be used with non- count nouns. I need a lot of milk. (non count- nouns) 6- A lot of can be used with plural count nouns. I need a lot of onions. ( count nouns) Pg Ms Sherine El Deeb

Note : Count nouns and non-count nouns can also be called countable nouns and uncountable nouns Find all the food items in the note on page 135 and do the tasks. Then check your answers with classmates. 1- Singular count nouns: 2- Plural count nouns: 3- Non- count nouns Pg Ms Sherine El Deeb

Answers 1- Singular count nouns: salad, watermelon, cake 2- Plural count nouns: onions, tomatoes, eggs, bananas, grapes 3- Non- count nouns: spaghetti, lettuce, bread, rice, milk, fruit 3- Complete this paragraph with count nouns and non- count nouns. Make the nouns plural where necessary. After reading Alice’s note, Matt went to the store. He bought ________, _________, __________, __________, and_________. 1.(egg) 2.(rice) 3.(spaghetti) 4.(milk) 5.(bread) The store didn’t have any organic__________. So, he went to the 6.(produce) health food store and bought ________, __________,__________, 7.(lettuce) 8.(tomato) 9.(banana) and ____________. But he forgot to buy a ______________. 10. (grape) 11.( watermelon) Pg Ms Sherine El Deeb

Answers After reading Alice’s note, Matt went to the store. He bought eggs, rice, spaghetti, milk, and bread. 1.(egg) 2.(rice) 3.(spaghetti) 4.(milk) 5.(bread) The store didn’t have any organic produce. So, he went to the 6.(produce) health food store and bought lettuce, tomatoes, bananas, 7.(lettuce) 8.(tomato) 9.(banana) and grapes. But he forgot to buy a watermelon. 10. (grape) 11.( watermelon) Pg Ms Sherine El Deeb

Work with a partner. Read the situation and recipe below. Then look at what Alice has in her cupboard on page 139. Alice wants to make garden burgers. She looks at her recipe and the list of ingredients. She knows she has a lot of milk and eggs in her refrigerator, but she isn’t sure about the other ingredients. Does she have them in her cupboard? 11 Ms Sherine El Deeb

Now write sentences about what Alice has a lot of, what she has but needs to buy more of, and what she doesn’t have. Use a lot of, some, and not... any. Use a and an with singular count nouns. 4- She doesn’t have an onion. She needs to buy one. 5- She doesn’t have a green pepper. She needs to buy one. 6- She has a lot of salt. She doesn’t need to buy any. 7- She doesn’t have any pepper. She needs to buy some. 8- She has some oil, but she needs to buy more. 9- She has a lot of water. She doesn’t need to buy any. Pg Ms Sherine El Deeb

Good Luck Sherine El Deeb 13