Daniel L. Stufflebeam C. I. P. P. Evaluation Model

CIPP Model Objectives: Be familiar with Stufflebeam’s educator background Understand Stufflebeam’s CIPP model Be able to discuss the HRD “essence” of the CIPP model

CIPP Model Pre - Test 1. What do the letters CIPP stand for? 2. What profession is Daniel L. Stufflebeam? 3. Name the three major steps for any evaluation. 4. Draw the matrix for the four decision-making settings. .

CIPP Model Pre-Test 5. Describe the General Evaluation Model. 6. Classify each evaluation type within the ends, means, intended and actual matrix. 7. Name the four evaluation types and their decision-making purpose

Stufflebeam Biography CIPP Model Stufflebeam Biography Daniel Leroy Stufflebeam, education educator Born in Waverly, Iowa, September 19, 1936 BA, State University Iowa, 1958 MS, Purdue University, 1962, Ph D, 1964; postgrad., University of Wisconsin 1965

Stufflebeam Biography CIPP Model Stufflebeam Biography Professor, Director Ohio State University Evaluation Center, Columbus, 1963 - 1973 Professor education, Director Western Michigan University Evaluation Center, Kalamazoo, 1973 - Author monographs and 15 books; contributed chapters to books, articles to professional journals

CIPP Model Recipient Paul Lazersfeld award Evaluation Research Society, 1985 Member American Educational Research Association, National Council on Measurement in Education, American Evaluation Association Served with the United States Army, 1960 Children: Kevin D., Tracy Smith, Joseph

CIPP Model Key Components : 2. Major 3 steps for any evaluation 1. Evaluation definition 2. Major 3 steps for any evaluation 3. Decision-making settings 4. Types of decisions 5. General evaluation model 6. Types of evaluation 7. Total evaluation model

CIPP Model Definition: Evaluation is the process of delineating, obtaining and providing useful information for judging decision alternatives

CIPP Model Evaluation: ascertainment of value Definition Key Terms: Evaluation: ascertainment of value Decision: act of making up one’s mind Then from the decision-maker viewpoint: Evaluation is the process of ascertaining the relative value of competing alternatives

CIPP Model Evaluation is: Decision-making driven Systematic and continuing process Made-up of 3 major steps/methodologies 1. Delineating 2. Obtaining 3. Providing

CIPP Model Definitions of Evaluation Steps: 1. Delineating - focusing the requirements for information to be collected through specifying, defining and explicating

CIPP Model Definitions of Evaluation Steps: 2. Obtaining - making information available through processes such as collecting, organizing and analyzing and through means such as statistics and measurement 3. Providing - fitting together into systems or sub-systems that best serve the needs or purposes of the evaluation

CIPP Model Decision-Making Settings High Low Degree of Change Small Information Grasp Low Degree of Change Small Large Decision-Making Settings

CIPP Model Decision-Making Settings - Key Points: Driven by the relation of useful information available to degree of change to be effected Importance/consequences of the decision to be made drives evaluation extensiveness Little information available or not in useful form drives more evaluation extensiveness

CIPP Model Decision-Making Setting Definitions 1. Metamorphic - utopian complete change in the educational system with full information/knowledge of how to effect the desired changes (low probability) 2. Homeostatic - small, remedial, restorative to normal state changes to the educational system guided by technical standards and routine data collection systems (prevalent “quality control” with low risk)

CIPP Model Decision-Making Setting Definitions 3. Incremental - continuous improvement in an educational system intended to shift the program to a new norm (rather than correct back to a norm for homeostatic) but guided by little available knowledge and ad-hoc/special project in nature (allows “innovation” in a trial and error and iterative nature with acceptable risk since small corrections can be made as problems are detected)

CIPP Model Decision-Making Setting Definitions 4. Neomobilistic - innovative activities for major change/new solutions to significant problems in an educational system but supported by little theory and little knowledge; driven by great and compelling opportunities like knowledge explosion, critical conditions or world competition (becoming more prevalent in response to needed higher rates of change under worthy risk)

CIPP Model Ends Means Types of Decisions

CIPP Model Types of Decisions Matrix: Forms the model of all possible educational system needed decision-making categories while also being mutually exclusive (ends, means, intended and actual) Provides for a generalizable evaluation design model

CIPP Model General Evaluation Model System Activities Decisions 3. 1. 2. General Evaluation Model Decisions

CIPP Model Types of Evaluation: Context Evaluation - to determine objectives Input Evaluation - to determine program design Process Evaluation- to control program operations Product Evaluation -to judge and react to program attainments

CIPP Model Ends Means Types of Decisions and Evaluations

CIPP Model Evaluation Design: Evaluations are designed after a decision has been made to effect a system change and the actual evaluation design is driven by the decision-making setting Generally: greater the change and lower the information grasp the more formal, structured and comprehensive the evaluation required

Evaluation Type Objectives: CONTEXT EVALUATION Provides rationale for determination of objectives Defines relevant environment Describes desired and actual conditions of environment Identifies unmet needs Identifies unused opportunities

Evaluation Type Objectives: INPUT EVALUATION Determines how to use resources Assesses capabilities of responsible agency Assesses strategies for achieving objectives Assesses designs for implementing a selected strategy

Evaluation Type Objectives: PROCESS EVALUATION Detect or predict defects in procedure design or its implementation Provide information for programming decisions Maintain record of the procedure as it occurs

Evaluation Type Objectives: PRODUCT EVALUATION Measure attainments Interpret attainments Done as often as necessary during the program life

A Total Evaluation Model: 1. Follows the general evaluation model relationships between activities, evaluation and decisions and uses the 3 major steps for any evaluation 2. Need a full time program evaluator

A Total Evaluation Model: 3. Need a continuous and systematic context evaluation process sponsored by the program planning body for the purpose of deciding to change or continue with program goals and objectives 4. Initiate specific and ad-hoc input, process and product evaluations only after a planning decision to effect a system change

A Total Evaluation Model: 5. Specific evaluation designs vary according to the setting for the change Homeostatic (small changes with adequate information) Incremental (low information for small changes) Neomoblistic (low information for large changes) (exclude Metamorphic since only theoretical relevance)

CIPP Model HRD Essence HRD viewpoint Formative - Summative Evaluation traditions

CIPP Model HRD Viewpoint Discrepancy Democratic Analytical Diagnostic - CIPP: logical and research based approach of the total training system

CIPP Model Formative - Summative Context Input formative Process Product summative

CIPP Model Evaluation Traditions Scientific - 1950’s Systems - 1970’s CIPP Qualitative - 1980’s Eclectic - late 1980’s

Post - Test 1. What do the letters CIPP stand for? 2. What profession is Daniel L. Stufflebeam? 3. Name the three major steps for any evaluation. 4. Draw the matrix for the four decision-making settings. 5. Describe the General Evaluation Model. 6. Classify each evaluation type within the ends, means, intended and actual matrix. 7. Name the four evaluation types and their decision-making purpose.