Understanding Global Cultures “America”
Four Generic Types of Cultures Vertical Individualism / Market Pricing Cultures Ch. 13 American Football Ch. 14 The Traditional British House
Fig. 1.2. Four Generic Types of Cultures (p. 15) POWER DISTANCE INDIVIDUALISM COLLECTIVISM Low (horizontal) High (vertical) Equality Matching (interval) Community Sharing (nominal) Market Pricing (ratio) Authority Ranking (ordinal)
Four Generic Types of Cultures Vertical Individualism / Market Pricing Cultures market pricing found in the United States and other market-dominated nations
Four Generic Types of Cultures Vertical Individualism / Market Pricing Cultures although individualism is emphasized, so, too, is the free market inequality resulting from the operation of the free market is deemed acceptable there is equality of opportunity and a level playing field but not equality of outcomes
Four Generic Types of Cultures Vertical Individualism / Market Pricing Cultures ethics revolves around the operation of a free market
Cultural Metaphors Unit of analysis in the book = the nation or national culture Other “units of analysis” may include: one person (e.g., Paul Buffalo) the family (e.g., Strodtbeck) the community a region a culture
Culture Counts and it counts quit a bit
Geert Hofstede (1991) IBM study demonstrated that national culture explained 50% of the differences in attitudes in IBM’s 53 countries (p. 5)