China in the 20 th Century Sun YatsenJiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek) Mao ZedongDeng Xiaoping

20th Century Revolutions See RGH #84, p – Republican Revolution 1911 – Republican Revolution Sun Yatsen and Guomindang (GMT) (Kuomintang) Sun Yatsen and Guomindang (GMT) (Kuomintang) Three Principles of the People (Nationalism, Democracy, a form of Socialism) Three Principles of the People (Nationalism, Democracy, a form of Socialism) 1927 – Nationalist Revolution - GMT 1927 – Nationalist Revolution - GMT Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek) Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek) Leader of wartime China Leader of wartime China 1949 – Communist Revolution - CCP 1949 – Communist Revolution - CCP Mao Zedong Mao Zedong Maoism Maoism

Maoism Chinese Communism See RGH # 86, p. 356 See RGH # 86, p. 356 Role of the peasant – See p. 351 Role of the peasant – See p. 351 Long March – Long March – Ideas can motivate people to do anything People’s Liberation Army People’s Liberation Army Guerrilla Warfare Guerrilla Warfare “Can Do Nationalism” “Can Do Nationalism” “Why should Chinese fight Chinese, they should fight Japanese”

Guerrilla Warfare The enemy attacks we retreat. The enemy attacks we retreat. The enemy camps, we harass. The enemy camps, we harass. The enemy tires, we attack. The enemy tires, we attack. The enemy retreats, we pursue. The enemy retreats, we pursue. “Political Power Grows Out of the Barrel of a Gun”

Civil War Mao vs. Jiang Why does Mao win and Jiang lose? See RGH # 87, p. 357 “The Kuomintang is losing the respect and support of the people...the Generalissimo shows a similar loss of flexibility...his growing megalomania...and the desire of the Kuomintang to perpetuate their own power overrides any other consideration.”

People’s Republic of China (PRC) October 1, 1949 “The East is Red, the Sun is Rising” T h e F o u r O l d s s h o u l d b e s m a s h e d – o l d t h i n k i n g, o l d c u l t u r e, o l d c u s t o m s, o l d h a b i t s

“Expert and Red” rapid industrialization (follow Soviet model) rapid industrialization (follow Soviet model) literacy and social reforms literacy and social reforms Sino-Soviet split Sino-Soviet split Taiwan and the Nationalists Taiwan and the Nationalists continuous revolution using ideas to move the masses: continuous revolution using ideas to move the masses: Great Leap Forward Great Leap Forward Cultural Revolution – Red Guards Cultural Revolution – Red Guards Culturalhttp:// Cultural Revolution--great stuff

Mao "...had experienced the morning-after epiphany common to all revolutionaries: in victory, the revolution dies. Shades of the prison house begin to close upon the post-revolutionary state; after the initial transformative spasm, exhaustion replaces exhilaration, routine replaces voluntarism, responsibility clogs idealism. Many revolutionary victors are happy to settle for power and stability. Mao was not. The revolution was dead; long live the revolution!“ Roderick MacFarquhar, The Origins of the Cultural Revolution, Volume 3: The Coming of the Cataclysm , p. 469

Deng Xiaoping “It doesn’t matter if the cat is black or white, as long as it catches the mouse.” “To get rich is glorious” “To get rich is glorious” Market totalitarianism Market totalitarianism Tiananmen Tiananmen

China Today “When China accelerates, the world follows.” NYTimes, 10/3/03

Yu Shi Ju Jin (“Look out world, here we come”) Morgan Stanley ad, NYTimes, 2/18/04