Foundations of Computational Intelligence The basis of Smart Adaptive Systems of the future? Bogdan Gabrys Smart Technology Research Centre Computational Intelligence research Group Bournemouth University, UK and KES International Research Organisation WCCI’2008 Panel Discussion

Acknowledgments KES International Innovation in Knowledge-Based & Intelligent Engineering Systems The KES International organisation supports the community that conducts research into the applications, tools and techniques of artificially intelligent computer systems. Nature-inspired Smart Information Systems EC funded Co-ordinated Action project currently grouping 56 European academic and industrial research centres.

NeuroNet Neural Networks ERUDIT Fuzzy Systems & Uncertainty EvoNet Evolutionary Computation MLNet Machine Learning EUNITE European Network of Excellence on Intelligent Technologies for Smart Adaptive Systems > 100 European Centres from all CI related areas CoIL Cluster of Networks of Excellence on Computational Intelligence and Learning NiSIS Nature-inspired Smart Information Systems Currently with 56 European Centres

Do Smart Adaptive Systems Exist? - Best Practice for Selection and Combination of Intelligent Methods B. Gabrys, K. Leiviska and J. Strackeljan (eds.). Published in the Springer series on "Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing", Vol.173, Springer-Verlag, EUNITE – Intelligent Technologies for Smart Adaptive Systems

Panellists Wlodek Duch Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland Computational intelligence, methods that facilitate understanding of data, and algorithms inspired by models of brain functions at different levels. Bogdan Gabrys Bournemouth University, UK Computational intelligence/machine learning with focus on nature-inspired approaches, data and information fusion, learning and adaptation methods, multiple classifier and prediction systems and applications. Nik Kasabov Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand Soft computing, neuro-computing, bioinformatics, brain study, speech and image processing, data mining and knowledge discovery. Trevor Martin Bristol University, UK Soft computing in intelligent information management including areas such as the semantic web, soft concept hierarchies and user modelling. Fuzzy systems. Jerry Mendel University of Southern California, USA Fuzzy systems and in particular type-2 fuzzy sets and systems. Takashi Omori Tamagawa University, Japan Computational modelling of human cognitive system based on neuroscience and cognitive science evidences. Xin Yao Birmingham University, UK Evolutionary computation, neural network ensembles and applications.

Questions Nature of CI Current state of CI Promoting CI CI and Smart Adaptive Systems CI and Nature-inspiration Future of CI

Questions – Nature of CI What is Computational Intelligence? What is the difference between Computational Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence? Could the terms Computational Intelligence, Soft Computing and Hybrid Intelligent Systems be used interchangeably?

Questions – Current state of CI What is the current state of the constituting intelligent technologies in the context of true adaptation and autonomous operation of systems based on those? What is the level of integration of various constituent intelligent technologies within CI at the moment?

Questions – Promoting CI Theory vs applications. Do we need more theory or better applications which fuelled the Japanese fuzzy boom? Theory vs software. Which of these will promote CI in the wider community?

Questions – CI and Smart Adaptive Systems Are the hybrid intelligent methods, as we know them, the best way forward or should we start looking into completely new integrated computational theories that can accommodate the wide range of intellectual capabilities attributed to humans and assumed necessary for nonhuman intelligences? What is the major difference between Computational Intelligence and human intelligence? Assuming that CI theories can implement "human intelligence" how is this validated?

Questions – CI and Nature- inspiration Could nature and our growing understanding of biological and other natural mechanisms provide inspirations for a major paradigm shift in the quest for truly smart adaptive systems? If so which of the emerging bio/nature inspired techniques could play such a role?

Questions – Future of CI What do we expect to happen in the Computational Intelligence area in the next: – 10 years? – 20 years? – 30 years?