Key Plant Species The use of following plant species indicate when a pasture has been severely grazed: –Silver Sagebrush –Western Snowberry

Relic AreaBoom-Bust Management Silver Sage

Relic Area Snowberry Boom-Bust Management Snowberry

Diet Modification Deer Nitrates Eat it or die When diet is inadequate cattle will eat novel food. Time required Preferred food change Tools

Descending Curve: Forage for min. daily nutrition req. Ascending curve: How much a cow will eat of a certain quality forage Area of dietary def. Area of dietary Inefficiency GOOD ENOUGH IS EXCELLENT FOR CATTLE