XNF-1 XML and NNF A Standard Form for XML Documents (XNF) Properties –As few hierarchical trees as possible –No redundant data values in any tree Method.

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XNF-1 XML and NNF A Standard Form for XML Documents (XNF) Properties –As few hierarchical trees as possible –No redundant data values in any tree Method –Model the application as an ORM. –Make the ORM canonical. –Transform the canonical ORM into an NNF scheme-tree forest with as few trees as possible. –Cast the NNF scheme trees into XML DTD.

XNF-2 XNF Example Result: RoomNr, RoomName, Cost, NrBeds, (View)*, (GuestNr, GuestName)* FD Closures: NrBeds: 4, Cost: 4, RoomNr: 3, RoomName: 3, GuestName: 2 Back off by one. NNF with as few schemes as possible:

XNF-3 DTD (Document Type Definition) Defines a structure for XML documents Declarations –DOCTYPE –ELEMENT Structural elements in terms of regular expressions (, * + ? |) Elementary elements as Parsable Character Data (#PCDATA) –ATTLIST

XNF-4 Straightforward Translation Main Idea: Use the scheme-tree forest directly as the DTD specification. Details: –Introduce a root name (e.g. ). –Rename object-set names appearing in multiple trees. –Add the scheme trees as structural element (e.g. ). –Declare all object sets as elements with character data (e.g. ).

XNF-5 Example RoomNr, RoomName, Cost, NrBeds (View)* (GuestNr, GuestName)* <!DOCTYPE BandB [ <!ELEMENT BandB ( ( RoomNr, RoomName, Cost, NrBeds, (View)*, (GuestNr, GuestName)* )*)> … ]> 1 Kennedy 90 2 Forest Sea 101 Smith 2 …

XNF-6 A More Sophisticated Translation Main Idea: Nest the XML according to the scheme- tree structure Details –Create concept names for each node (e.g. Rooms). –Identify key elements for objects (e.g. RoomNr). –Nest according to node names and key elements (e.g. ). –Use XML attributes for key elements (e.g. ).

XNF-7 Example Rooms: RoomNr, RoomName, Cost, NrBeds Views: ViewGuests: GuestNr, GuestName <!DOCTYPE Rooms [ <!ELEMENT RoomNr (RoomName, Cost, NrBeds, Views, Guests)> ]> Kennedy 90 2 Forest Sea Smith …

XNF-8 Additional Translations No unique solution Correspondences for additional ORM features –Roles: role attributes (e.g. role=“Current Guest”) –Optionals: zero or one occurrence (e.g. Room (Occupant?)) –Partitions: U (e.g. (OccupiedRoom | UnoccupiedRoom)) Each translation maintains the properties of XNF –As few scheme trees as possible –No potential redundancy +