REFERENCING

PLAGIARISM To knowingly take or use another person’s invention, idea or writing and claim it, directly or indirectly, to be your own work.

THERE ARE THREE MAIN FORMS OF PLAGIARISM: 1.Copying, summarising or paraphrasing words from a significant source straight into your assignment without acknowledging the source 2.Copying another student’s work and then claiming or pretending it to be your own. It is also plagiarism if you allow another student to copy your work. 3.Colluding with other students and submitting identical or near identical work

HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM (1): By summarizing in your own words as best you can another person’s work, and by giving acknowledgement to that person in your assignment. This is done by citing your sources (a partial reference) in the text of your assignments and listing all your sources in a references section at the end of the assignment.

HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM (2) …or, by using quotation marks in your assignments to distinguish between your words and the other person’s words. Once again, you would acknowledge your sources in your references.

WHY use references in assignments ? To give the reader the source of statistics & other data To add support to your own arguments or point of view To refer the reader to the source of a quotation or definition To acknowledge a specific writer who has influenced your own thinking, or whose ideas you have summarised or paraphrased To give the reader the source of any significant information you have summarised or paraphrased and therefore avoid plagiarism.

YOU DON’T NEED TO REFERENCE 1.Information drawn from a variety of sources to summarise what has happened over a period of time and when the summary is unlikely to be a cause of dispute or controversy 2.When pulling together a range of key ideas that you introduced and referenced earlier in the assignment 3.When stating or summarising generally undisputed facts circulating freely in the public domain and when there is unlikely to be any significant disagreement with your statements or summaries of these.

When to Reference ? Try the essay extract quiz …

CITATIONS & REFERENCES A citation is a partial reference that you include in the main body of your assignment. A reference is the full details of the source that is included in the ‘References’ or ‘Bibliography’ section, which you should include at the end of your assignment.

EXAMPLE OF A BOOK CITATION & REFERENCE: Citation in the text: (Handy 1994) Full Reference at the end of the assignment: Handy, C. (1994). The Empty Raincoat: Making Sense of the Future. London: Hutchinson.

EXAMPLE OF CITING REFERENCING A CHAPTER FROM A ‘READER ’ Citation in the text: (Chaplin 1989) Full Reference : Chaplin, J. (1989). ‘Counselling and Gender’, in W. Dryden, D, Charles- Edwards, & R. Woolfe, R. (eds.) Handbook of Counselling in Britain. London: Routledge.

EXAMPLE OF CITING & REFERENCING AN ARTICLE IN A JOURNAL Citation: (Patten 1988) Reference: Patten, J. (1988). ‘Crime: a middle class disease?’ New Society, 84,

EXAMPLES OF CITING & REFERENCING AN INTERNET SOURCE: Citation in the text: (Ellison & Barry 2003) Full Reference: Ellison, P.T. & Barry, R.E. (2001). ‘Business English for the 21 st Century’, 2 nd Edition, s/ellison/ (accessed 3 rd October 2003).

INTERNET SOURCES (continued) If a specific author’s name(s) is not shown, then cite the name of any publication shown & date of publication (if given), You don’t cite the website address. In the References section start with the name of the organisation, date shown on the site for publication (if any), title of article/sub-heading of screen, then the full URL address, and then date you went to the site, e.g. Office for National Statistics (2002). ‘The Jobs People Do’. (accessed 05/07/2004).

CITING & REFERENCING COURSE NOTES Citation: You would normally cite the lecturer’s last name & year course notes were produced, e.g. (Low 2004) Reference: Low, C. (2004). Marketing Communications, from MA Course Manual, 2004/5, p.2. University of Bradford, School of Management.

So … how to reference ? Try the sources quiz …

ELS Resources Website link SoM Home Page Resources Effective Learning Service Teaching Materials from Effective Learning Workshop Assignment Success ………