D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, AMS the Anti-Matter Spectrometer n The past:  1999 n The present:2000 n The future: and beyond… n STS-91 mission(June 1998) n ISS 3 year mission(May 2003?)

D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, AMS in space AMS in space the first large magnetic spectrometer i.e. the first particle physics experiment and the biggest silicon system to date

D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, AMS Physics Goals (1) n Measurement of H, He,… C isotopes –better understanding of cosmic ray origin and propagation in the galaxy n Antiprotons and positrons –search for exotic sources n High energy photons (> 1 GeV) –complementary to satellite and ground telescopes

D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, n Antimatter discovery: antistars, primordial antimatter Explanation for antimatter domain formation? AMS Physics Goals (2) n No antimatter found: explanation for antimatter disappearance? Strong CP-violation? Antihelium could originate from primordial nucleosynthesis OR from antistars anticarbon could ONLY come from antistars Search for antimatter: primary goal of AMS, up to |Z| = 6

D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, The AMS apparatus for the precursor flight (1) n Construction and test of detector elements –assembly, integration, system tests –space qualification : outgassing, vibrations n Permanent magnet –1.2m diameter, 80cm height, 1.9 tons –0.15 Tesla –blocks of Nd-Fe-B of high field strength

D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, The AMS apparatus for the precursor flight (2) n Tracker –4 inner planes and 2 outer planes partially equipped (~40%) –57 modules of 11 to 15 double-sided DC silicon microstrip detectors (CSEM, Neuch.) –front-end Viking/High Dynamic Range 4  s peaking time, 0.7 mW/ch –365W allocated (out of 1 kW), 0.5 Mbit/s (out of 1), 5MHz ADC on ext. TDR

D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, The AMS apparatus for the precursor flight (3) n Time-of-flight - 4 planes –trigger –particle velocity and absolute charge n Anticoincidence - 16 counters –background rejection (albedo) n Aerogel Threshold Cherenkov - 2 planes –168 10x10cm 2 7cm thick solid cells

D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, The STS-91 Discovery mission June 2-12, 1998 (1) n Transport –from ETH-Zurich to Kennedy Space Center n Final tests and integration n Installation on the Shuttle Discovery –More tests and software uploads…. n Launch n Switch on and first data downloads!

D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, The STS-91 Discovery mission June 2-12, 1998 (2) n Data Taking –Control from Johnson Space Center –Slow Rate n temperatures, currents n counter rates, voltages –High Rate n calibrations n full events(ehm…)

D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, The STS-91 Discovery mission June 2-12, 1998 (3) n Landing at KSC n Transport –back to ETH-Zurich n Beam tests (+ cosmic muons…) –GSI-Darmstadt n Helium, Carbon –Cern-Geneva n charge-1 particles

D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, Physics from STS-91 n Search for antihelium –2,86 million helium nuclei observed –rigidity: 1 to 140 GV n Search for antimatter n Cosmic ray proton spectra –from 0.1 to 200 GeV n Gamma ray search

D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, Que fait Genève? (1) n Mechanical design –support, cooling n Construction of tracker modules (ladders) n Tests, metrology and integration of modules n Electronic design n Analysis and simulations n Silicon development n Environmental studies n Problem analysis from STS-91

D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, Que fait Genève? (2) n full responsibility of tracker readout system n FE electronic hybrids production & test n development of module test system –PC card, power supply (temp) n one of the three production lines of tracker modules n module integration center

D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, AMS on the International Space Station (1) n Precursor Flight final data analysis –near completion (2000) n RD for Phase II ( ) –design finalisation and optimisation –superconducting magnet –new detectors –space qualification of single elements

D. VITE' - AMS Genève Cartigny, AMS on the International Space Station (2) n 2nd construction phase n Assembly ( ) n Full space qualification –long-term operation tests n Installation on the Space Station (2003) –3 to 5 years of data taking n (if we get He refill…) –Lots of work and physics (and fun) ahead!