DOES LARVAL BEHAVIOR MATTER? No because cross-shore transport does not change within above 50 m or so Yes because larvae will be on different flow layers which will bring them to different destinations Both sound reasonable to me…

LET’S TEST IT! Release passive and “active” larvae in the exactly same flow fields Define “active” larvae –Released at surface –Stay surface for the first 10 days –Go deeper between days 10 and 20 toward 30 m below sea surface –Stay 30 m below sea surface after day 20 (or at bottom if depth is shallower than 30 m)

TO HELP UNDERSTAND… Active LarvaePassive Larvae Stay surfaceChange depth with PLD

LARVAL DISPERSAL (TOP VIEW) Active LarvaePassive Larvae Behavior “creates” more settlements

ONLY LAVAE THAT SETTLE (TOP VIEW) Active LarvaePassive Larvae Cross-shore transport of settlers looks similar…

MAX OFFSHORE LOCATION BEFORE SETTLEMENT Larval behavior “creates” more larvae that stay in the nearshore habitat Nearshore habitat Active LarvaePassive Larvae

DISPERSAL KERNEL Larval behavior changes dispersal kernel More retention, more settlements self settlement Active LarvaePassive Larvae

EXCLUDING THOSE STAYING NEARSHORE Hard to clarify what causes retention… Active LarvaePassive Larvae

CONCLUSIONS Simulation results suggest –Larval behavior changes dispersal kernel, resulting in more retention –A little dive can prevent larvae from much cross-shore / alongshore transport even in the case with highest upwelling Overstatement? What do you think?

FUTURE PLANS Refine definition of “active” particles –So that they mimic real larvae –But, not too sophisticated –Will you give me some information? Try weak upwelling case –We may not see significant difference since cross-shore / alongshore transport is weaker