Advanced Visualization Techniques Chapter 11 Advanced Visualization Techniques

Objectives Increase your visualization skills Move seamlessly between 2-D and 3-D representations of objects Use basic strategies for visualizing complex objects

Introduction Well-developed graphics and visualization skills necessary for communication Without them, only superficial discussions about basics are possible

Basic Concepts and Terminology in Visualization TABLE 11.01. Basic Surface Types for Objects

Basic Concepts and Terminology in Visualization (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.04. Various orientations for curved surfaces.

Basic Concepts and Terminology in Visualization (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.07. An object with an L-shaped inclined horizontal surface.

Basic Concepts and Terminology in Visualization (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.08. Height, width, and depth measurements maintained between views.

Basic Concepts and Terminology in Visualization (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.10. An apparent change in the angle at vertex X for oblique surface A.

The Possibilities for a Feature Representation FIGURE 11.11. The top view of an object. FIGURE 11.12. Possible objects from a given top view.

The Possibilities for a Feature Representation (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.14. The top view of an object. FIGURE 11.15. Possible objects based on the top view given.

Other Viewpoints FIGURE 11.18. A coded plan and four corner views from above.

Other Viewpoints (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.21. Cube diagonals for bird’s-eye (a) and worm’s-eye (b) views.

Advanced Visualization Techniques Visualization with basic concepts FIGURE 11.23. The width dimension of an inclined surface. FIGURE 11.24. The height dimension of an inclined surface. FIGURE 11.22. Top and front views, with three possible side views.

Strategy for a Holistic Approach to Constructing Pictorials from Multiview Drawings Objects you devise must be solid Cannot have a single, infinitely thin plane Cannot have two objects that are next to each other in the result Pick one view as the “base” and work from there until all views match the object

Strategy for a Holistic Approach to Constructing Pictorials from Multiview Drawings (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.29. The front and right-side views of an object. FIGURE 11.30. Three possible solutions when the rectangular area in Figure 11.29 is a normal surface.

Strategy for a Holistic Approach to Constructing Pictorials from Multiview Drawings (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.33. Possible curved surfaces for an object.

Strategy for a Holistic Approach to Constructing Pictorials from Multiview Drawings (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.38. Two possible curved surfaces for the object. FIGURE 11.40. Possible correct solutions for the object.

Strategy for Constructing Pictorials by Inverse Tracking of Edges and Vertices Inverse tracking with edges and vertices for normal surfaces Step 1: Define location and directions of a coordinate system consistent in all views Step 2: Define anchor point on object Step 3: Mark limits of foundation volume Step 4: Locate vertex or edge adjacent to anchor point and draw that edge

Strategy for Constructing Pictorials by Inverse Tracking of Edges and Vertices (cont’d.) Inverse tracking with edges and vertices for normal surfaces (cont’d.) Step 5: Successively locate other vertices and edges and draw those edges Step 6: Convert hidden lines Step 7: Add internal features Step 8: Check model validity

Strategy for Constructing Pictorials by Inverse Tracking of Edges and Vertices (cont’d.) Inverse tracking with edges and vertices for inclined surfaces Inverse tracking with edges and vertices for oblique surfaces and hidden features

Inverse Tracking with Edges and Vertices for Curved Surfaces FIGURE 11.58. It is desired To create an isometric pictorial of the object shown in this multiview drawing.

Inverse Tracking with Edges and Vertices for Curved Surfaces (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.59. Coordinate axes and viewing directions are defined on an isometric grid. An anchor point, A, is selected, and the foundation space is created.

Inverse Tracking with Edges and Vertices for Curved Surfaces (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.60. Create a rough frame by using linear edges instead of curved edges. Use point and edge tracking to create these edges on the pictorial.

Inverse Tracking with Edges and Vertices for Curved Surfaces (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.61. Add the circular edges using elliptical segments in the pictorial.

Inverse Tracking with Edges and Vertices for Curved Surfaces (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.62. Add the optical limits of the curved surfaces, seen as lines tangent to the curved edge. Remove portions of edges that are hidden by the curved surfaces.

Strategy for Constructing Pictorials by Inverse Tracking of Surfaces FIGURE 11.63. It is desired to create an isometric pictorial of the object shown in this multiview drawing.

Strategy for Constructing Pictorials by Inverse Tracking of Surfaces (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.64. Viewing directions are defined on an isometric grid. The foundation space is created, and an anchor surface is selected.

Strategy for Constructing Pictorials by Inverse Tracking of Surfaces (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.65. Begin the process of locating each surface. Note that in this case, a surface in the right-side view is partially obscured in that view.

Strategy for Constructing Pictorials by Inverse Tracking of Surfaces (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.66. When all surface loops in the orthogonal views are accounted for, the pictorial should be complete. Remove hidden edges or show them as hidden lines.

Strategy for Improving Spatial Skills through Imagining Successive Cuts to Objects FIGURE 11.67. Front and side views of a basic L-shaped object. FIGURE 11.68. A multiview drawing of an L-shaped object, with a sketched top view and isometric pictorial.

Strategy for Improving Spatial Skills through Imagining Successive Cuts to Objects (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.69. Front and side views of an object with the upper-right portion removed. FIGURE 11.70. A sketched isometric pictorial with a sketched and shaded cutting block shown.

Strategy for Improving Spatial Skills through Imagining Successive Cuts to Objects (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.82. Front and side views of an object with an oblique cut.

Strategy for Improving Spatial Skills through Imagining Successive Cuts to Objects (cont’d.) FIGURE 11.83. The intersection of the oblique surface cutting block on the original object is shown in the isometric sketch. FIGURE 11.84. A multiview drawing with a sketched top view of the original object with the oblique cut.

Summary Learned that ability to visualize objects in three dimensions is a key skill for design Emphasized that you can develop visualization skills only through practice Discussed basic rules to re-create a pictorial view of an object in a step-by-step process