Structures and Processes of Living Things

Key Concepts Cell functions, growth, and development Energy transfer through photosynthesis Types of reproduction

Characteristics of Living Things Grow Move Reproduce Get energy Use energy Get rid of waste Adapt to changes

Cells are Living Organisms They grow and die. They need energy, nutrients, air, and water. They reproduce. They react to what's around them.

Key Idea #8 All living organisms are composed of cells – from one cell to many cells.

Types of Cells

Prokaryotic Cell does not have a nucleus

Eukaryotic Cell has a nucleus (human cheek cells) (onion skin cells) (amoeba)

According to scientific evidence :

Organisms include all living things can be uni-cellular –a one-celled organism –example: Protists, bacteria (monera) can be multi-cellular – a many-celled organism –example: plants, fungus, animals

Amoeba (single-celled organism) Googleimages.com

Euglena (single-celled organism) googleimages.com

Paramecium (single-celled organism)

Elodea Leaf Cells

Single Celled Organisms in Pond Water Video (9 min)

Multicelled Organisms in Pond Water (3-4 minutes)

Animals and Plants are Multicelled Organisms

Plant and Animal Cells Similarities: both cells have a cell membrane both cells have a nucleus Differences: only plant cells have a cell wall only plant cells have chloroplasts

Cross-section of a Leaf

Cell Wall

Onion Skin

Skeletal Muscle the muscle attached to the skeleton

White Blood Cells

Comparing Animal and Plant Cells Human Cheek Cell Onion Skin Cell Nerve Cell White Blood Cells Red Blood Cells Elodea Leaf Cell

Cell Facts Cells are the simplest unit of life. Cells are the building blocks of life. All cells are produced from other cells. All living organisms are made of one or many cells.

A cell is like a city 124/Summaries/Cell.html 124/Summaries/Cell.html

The (Animal) Cell and the City Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi body Cell Membrane Vacuole Cytoplasm Lysosome Control Center ( City Hall ) Produces energy ( Power Plant ) Producer of proteins ( Factory ) Transport system for proteins ( Highway ) Package/distributes proteins ( Post Office ) Controls what goes in/out ( Customs ) Stores food/other stuff ( Grocery Store ) Lawns and atmosphere Breaks down food particles into smaller ones ( Recycle/Cleanup )

The (Plant) Cell and the City Nucleus Mitochondrion Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi body Cell Membrane Vacuole Cell Wall Chloroplasts Cytoplasm Control Center ( City Hall ) Produces energy ( Power Plant ) Producer of proteins ( Factory ) Transport system for proteins ( Highway ) Package/distributes proteins ( Post Office ) Controls what goes in/out ( Customs ) Stores food/other stuff (water tower/warehouse) Surrounds, supports, and protects the cell. ( City wall or border fence) Uses sunlight to produce food ( farm ) Lawns and atmosphere