Effective Faculty Searches Lynn Hollen Lees Vice Provost for Faculty November 11, 2010

Effective Faculty Searches | # 2 Our Goals Excellence Diversity Interdisciplinary scholarship

Why Diversity? Increased talent pool Student support Better teamwork Equity Effective Faculty Searches |er # 3

A Diverse Pool Population Ph.D. Pool Penn Faculty Penn Standing Faculty % 3.1%2.0% 82.5% Effective Faculty Searches | # 4

A Diverse Pool Population Ph.D. Pool Penn Faculty Penn Standing Faculty % 74% Effective Faculty Searches | # 5

Comparison to peers Data reflect only tenured and tenure-track faculty Comparison Peers: Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Duke, Georgetown, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, MIT, Northwestern, Princeton, Rice, Stanford, Chicago, Rochester, Washington University, Yale Source: Data Reported to the U.S. Department of Education Effective Faculty Searches | # 6 AsianBlackHispanicWomen Penn’s Rank Among Peers11 / 189/ 1816 / 189/18 Low to High Range Among Peers 5.6% – 12.3% (6.7points) 1.8% - 4.9% (3.1 points) 0.8% - 3.3% (2.5 points) 34.1% – 19% (15.1 points)

Grooming Large and Diverse Pools Active Searches Know the obstacles Network before opening search Use targeted outreach Use word of mouth Effective Faculty Searches | # 7

Careful and Unbiased Evaluation Harder than you think! Diffusion of responsibility Short cuts Unconscious bias Effective Faculty Searches | # 8

Unconscious Schemas Natural part of perception and evaluation Beliefs about people Beliefs about how people “ought” to be Contributing factors Ambiguity Stress from competing tasks Time pressure Lack of critical mass Effective Faculty Searches | # 9 Fiske (2002). Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11,

Unconscious Schemas LowHigh Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu (2002). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), Effective Faculty Searches | # 10 Low Hispanics Competence Warmth Blacks Whites Asians Men Women

Evaluating C.V.s University psychology professors preferred “Brian” over “Karen” by 2:1 Brian Steinpreis, Anders, & Ritzke (1999) Sex Roles, 41, 509. Effective Faculty Searches | # 12 Karen

Callbacks Black-sounding names (“Jamal”): 15 resumes = callback White-sounding names (“Greg”): 10 resumes = callback Equivalent to 8 extra years experience Bertrand & Mullainathan (2004) Poverty Action Lab, 3, Effective Faculty Searches | # 13

Letters of Recommendation Trix & Psenka (2003) Discourse & Society, 14(2), Effective Faculty Searches | # 14 Letters for women Shorter Fewer references to c.v. Twice as many gender references More references to personal life Fewer standout references (“excellent”) and more “grindstone” references (“hardworking”) Twice as many hedges and irrelevancies (“It’s amazing how much she’s accomplished”)

Influences on Advancement Martell, Lane, & Emrich (1996) American Psychologist, 51, Effective Faculty Searches | # 15 Simulated organizational hierarchy Start with gender mix Assume 1 percent bias in promotions After eight promotion cycles: Highest management level 65% male

Reducing Bias Reducing ambiguity Avoiding “solo” presence in pool Taking time to review applications Effective Faculty Searches | # 16 Dovidio & Gaertner (2000). Psychological Science, 11, Fiske (2002). Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, Martell (1991). Journal of Applied Soc Psychol, 21, Dasgupta & Greenwald (2001). Journal of Pers & Soc Psych, 81,

Careful and Unbiased Evaluation Wider accountability Supportive, diverse committee Familiarity with research on bias Structured, evidence-based review Apply consistent, objective criteria Evaluate entire application Treat recommendations with care Avoid over-reliance on prestige Effective Faculty Searches | # 17

Effective Visits Show enthusiasm Offer dual-career and family-friendly policy information Identify colleagues who can discuss climate for women and minorities Introduce the city and region Stay in contact Be even-handed and transparent in negotiating Effective Faculty Searches | # 18

Partner Status of Penn Faculty Women (n=396)Men (n=553) Source: Stanford Clayman Institute 2006 Survey

Faculty Opportunity Fund Benefits and Retirements Brochures Online Application System HERC Accompanying Spouse-Partner Program Relocation Assistance Child Care Some Resources Effective Faculty Searches | # 20

Discussion Effective Faculty Searches | # 21