Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Neuromuscular Junction Figure 9.7 (a-c)

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Presentation transcript:

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Neuromuscular Junction Figure 9.7 (a-c)

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal Muscle Figure 9.2 (a)

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Myofibrils Figure 9.3 (b)

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sarcomeres Figure 9.3 (c)

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Myofilaments: Banding Pattern Figure 9.3 (c, d)

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ultrastructure of Myofilaments: Thick Filaments Figure 9.4 (a)(b)

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ultrastructure of Myofilaments: Thin Filaments Figure 9.4 (c)

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Arrangement of the Filaments in a Sarcomere  Longitudinal section within one sarcomere Figure 9.4 (d)

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Figure 9.5

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  At low intracellular Ca 2+ concentration:  Tropomyosin blocks the binding sites on actin  Myosin cross bridges cannot attach to binding sites on actin  The relaxed state of the muscle is enforced Role of Ionic Calcium (Ca 2+ ) in the Contraction Mechanism Figure 9.10 (a)

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9.10 (b)  At higher intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations:  Additional calcium binds to troponin (inactive troponin binds two Ca 2+ )  Calcium-activated troponin binds an additional two Ca 2+ at a separate regulatory site Role of Ionic Calcium (Ca 2+ ) in the Contraction Mechanism

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Calcium-activated troponin undergoes a conformational change  This change moves tropomyosin away from actin’s binding sites Figure 9.10 (c) Role of Ionic Calcium (Ca 2+ ) in the Contraction Mechanism

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Myosin head can now bind and cycle  This permits contraction (sliding of the thin filaments by the myosin cross bridges) to begin Figure 9.10 (d) Role of Ionic Calcium (Ca 2+ ) in the Contraction Mechanism

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Myosin cross bridge attaches to the actin myofilament Working stroke—the myosin head pivots and bends as it pulls on the actin filament, sliding it toward the M line As new ATP attaches to the myosin head, the cross bridge detaches As ATP is split into ADP and P i, cocking of the myosin head occurs Myosin head (high-energy configuration) Thick filament Myosin head (low-energy configuration) ADP and P i (inorganic phosphate) released Sequential Events of Contraction Figure 9.11 Thin filament

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Motor Unit: The Nerve-Muscle Functional Unit Figure 9.12 (a)