- 1 - © Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design A dvanced S ystems A nalysis and D esign Fall 2010 Convener: Houman Younessi Lecture 5

- 2 - © Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design Event State A relevant punctuation in time The arrival of a message A stimulus received by an object A relevant interval in time Response of an object to a message or event A response to a stimulus Events take no time States are held in time

- 3 - © Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design coin is inserted(amount) flight leaves(airline,number) mouse_button_clicked(button, location) item_select_mode cruising edit_mode Event State Events carry information from an object to another (a message), objects receive that information and may change state

- 4 - © Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design Event State Events can be thought of as a feature call on the target object. States can be thought of as an abstraction of the attribute values of the target object between two relevant events.

- 5 - © Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS A sequence diagram captures the order of events and the direction of the messages passed. There are two forms of sequence diagrams: Simple sequence diagrams (Event Traces) Full sequence diagrams with concurrency

- 6 - © Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design caller:Person callee:Person Modem1:Modem modem2:Modema_line:Connection wake connect sound_dial_tone acknowledge accept_dial_ sequence ringing_tone disconnect dial_tone dial sound_ring_tone connect stop_ring_tone disconnect_signal break_connect stop_ring connect picked_ up ring_phone routed receive_call_ signal dial_tone phone_ringing connected sound_dial_tone

- 7 - © Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design modem1:Modem a_Line:Connection connect() sound_dial_tone() *[n]dial(n:Digit) modem2:Modem sound_ring_tone() ring_tone() picked_up() connect() [while caller not hang_up()] disconnect signal() break_connection() [while caller not hang_up()] *[n]dial(n:Digit)5 Asynch. Event Synch. Event Activation Continuation Condition Iteration Condition Object life termination routed() receive_call_signal() stop_ ringing_tone() stop_ ringing() break_connection() sound_dial_tone()

- 8 - © Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design modem1:Modem a_Line:Connection connect() sound_dial_tone() *[n]dial(n:Digit) modem2:Modem sound_ring_tone() ring_tone() picked_up() connect() [while caller not hang_up()] disconnect signal() break_connection() routed() receive_call_signal() stop_ ringing_tone() stop_ ringing() break_connection() sound_dial_tone() caller:Person callee:Person wake acknowledge ringing_tone connected disconnect dial_tone phone_ringing connected dial_tone dial

- 9 - © Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design modem1:Modem a_Line:Connection connect() sound_dial_tone() *[n]dial(n:Digit) modem2:Modem sound_ring_tone() ring_tone() picked_up() connect() [while caller not hang_up()] disconnect signal() break_connection() routed() receive_call_signal() stop_ ringing_tone() stop_ ringing() break_connection() sound_dial_tone() wake acknowledge ringing_tone connected disconnect dial_tone Phone_ringing connected dial_tone caller callee dial

© Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design COLLABORATION DIAGRAMS Collaboration diagrams also show the message exchange (collaboration) between several objects. They do so by depicting the message exchange between object icons through numbering the messages traveling between these objects.

© Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design Modem:modem_2 Connection:aLine 1- connect() 3- *[n] dial(n:Digit) 10- disconnect_signal() 2- sound_dial_tone () 6a- ringing_tone() 8a- stops_ring_tone() 9a-connect( ) 11a- break_connection() 12a- sound_dial_tone 4- receive_call_signal() 6b- sound_ring_tone() 8b- stop_ringing() 9b- connect() 11b-break_connection() 12b- sound_dial_tone() 5- routed() 7-picked_up() Modem:modem_1 EXAMPLE COLLABORATION DIAGRAM

© Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design STATE DIAGRAMS A state diagram relates events and states. State diagrams may be drawn from the perspective of the whole system as a single object, or from the perspective of any single object at any level of granularity. State diagrams may show concurrency or may be nested Usually it is best to draw the state diagram of only one object in the system at a time

© Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design idle dial tone do/sound_dial_tone() connecting do/receive_call_signal() ringing do/sound_ring_tone() do/ring_phone() connected disconnect_signal() picked_up() dial() routed() connect() disconnected reset() State Diagram of a modem communication line, normal case, successful connection. connected do/stop_ring_tone() do/stop_ring() do/connect() do/break_connection() do/sound_dial_tone()

© Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design idle dial tone do/sound_dial_tone() connecting do/receive_call_signal() ringing do/sound_ring_tone() do/ring_phone() connected disconnect_signal() picked_up() dial() routed() connect() disconnected reset() connected do/stop_ring_tone() do/stop_ring() do/connect() do/break_connection() do/sound_dial_tone() time-out do/ beep() time_out() busy tone do/ slow_tone() busy_num() fast busy tone do/fast_tone() busy_trunk() message do/play() message-done() invalid_num() reset() State Diagram of a modem communication line, with normal, and a number of non-normal cases.

© Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design ringing do/sound_ring_tone ( ) idle connect do/connect ( ) acknowledge. do/acknowledge ( ) dial. do/dial( ) data ex. disconnecting do/disconnect_signal() wake() sound_dial_ tone() dial() stop_ringing() connect( ) disconnect() break_connection() sound_ringing_tone() sound_dial_tone()

© Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design trans. Ends modem_1 trans. modem_2 trans start EOT modem_2EOS modem 1EOS making change idle do/ dispense item do/give change ready item takenchange taken dispense modem_1 trans. modem_2 trans start EOT modem_2EOS modem 1EOS data exchange

© Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design Transformations This is the third modeling view. It answers the question “how”. Depending on level of granularity there are many techniques. Including: High Level: Activity Diagrams Low Level: Pseudocode Flowcharts etc. Not part of UML

© Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design Activity diagrams depict the processing aspects of the system. They are similar to flowcharts except: ACTIVITY DIAGRAMS Activity charts allow synchronization They are similar to dataflow diagrams except: Communication between activities is via messages carrying data not the data itself Activity charts allow synchronization

© Houman Younessi 2010 MGMT Advanced Systems Analysis and Design Order Processing Finance Stock Manager Receive Order Receive Supply Select Outstanding order item Assign Goods to Order Assign Item to Order Reorder Item Add Remainder to Stock Check Line Item Cancel Order Check order Authorize payment [failed] [succeeded] Dispatch Order [Stock assigned to all line items and payment authorized] *[for each line item on order] * [for each chosen order item] [in stock] [all outstanding order items filled] [notify supply] [out of stock]