PETROLUEM Texas tea black gold rock oil oil. HISTORY ► Use goes way back ► Natural tar seeps ► To waterproof baskets and boats ► 1852 – patent for distillation.

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Presentation transcript:

PETROLUEM Texas tea black gold rock oil oil

HISTORY ► Use goes way back ► Natural tar seeps ► To waterproof baskets and boats ► 1852 – patent for distillation product from rock oil—kerosene–for lamp oil

Drake’s Well ► 1859 ► Pennsylvania (Oil Creek); near oil seeps ► Depth 70 feet

1920 ► Development of  lamps  machinery ► Caused or increased demand for  Lubrication  kerosene  gasoline and diesel

Establishment of OPEC Arab-Israeli War 1973 ► Resulted in the first major supply-demand- cartel increase in price

Price per barrel (42 gal) crude ► $1 ► $2 ► ~$5 ► $38 ► ~$40 ► $76

Supplies ► WWI – U. S. produced 2/3 worlds supply from domestic sources; by end of WWI supply strained ► Discovery of E. Texas fields 1930 ► five U. S. companies produced 2/3 of worlds oil; ~1/2 from domestic sources

Currently ► Major U. S. suppliers (in order)  Louisiana  Texas  California

SOME BACKGROUND

Peak Production Projected ► 2010 – 2020 ► At 80 million barrels per day ► NOW – 1 new barrel produced for each 4 consumed

Population figures ► 1860 – CA 380,000 ► 1890 – CA 1,100,000 – US 63,000, % ► 1960 – CA 15,717,000 – US 180,000, % ► 1990 – CA 28,000,000 – US 250,000,000 11% ► 2000 – CA 33,872,000 – US 280,000,000 12%

2000-U. S. sources of energy ► 36.3 – petroleum ► 25.8 – natural gas ► 23.9 – coal ► hydroelectric ► nuclear ► other

Derived volumes from 1 barrel (42 gal) ► 1920 ► 11 gal gasoline ► 5.3 gal kerosene ► 20.4 gal oil and lubricants ► 5.3 gal heavy residue (asphalt) ► 2000 ► 21 gal gasoline ► 3 gal jet fuel ► 9 gal special distillates ► 4 lubricants ► 3 heavy residue (asphalt)

PRESENT CALIFORNIA PRODUCTION ► Kern County ► Los Angeles

LOS ANGELES BASIN ► Deep marine basin in Miocene time with thick sequence of marine sedimentary rock ► Extensively folded and faulted since ► Wilmington field  Most productive single petroleum field in Calif.  2 nd most productive in U. S.

Southern San Joaquin Basin ► Deep marine basin in Miocene time with thick sequence of marine sedimentary rock ► Extensively folded and faulted since; some places still active ► Ten of the top twenty producing fields in the U. S.

Signal Hill—Los Angles field ► Part of the Willmington field ► Photo about 1930

Wooden derrick ► Used until about 1940

Modern oil pump

Oil traps--characteristics

Primary production ► Natural flow or simple pumping ► Some wells have sufficient ‘in-the-rock’ pressure to push the liquid petroleum to the surface – for a time ► Early wells (pre-1940) were produced mostly by this method

Primary production ► HOWEVER this produces only about 10 to 20% of the petroleum ► Realize the petroleum is viscous and flows only with difficulty

Post-primary production and techniques ► Chemical  Detergents  Thinners ► Physical  water flood (drive)  steam  heat  gaseous hydrocarbons

Petroleum generation

distillation ► Natural petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons (many times paraffinic) like butane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 = C 4 H 10 ► Hydrocarbons in petroleum range from one C to ~50 C ► The greater the number of ‘carbons’ the higher the temperature of boiling – hence boiling separates the different fractions

cracking ► Long-chain (high molecular weight) hydrocarbons are not as useful or valued as short-chain hydrocarbons ► So chemists have found a way to break long-chains into multiple short chains, i.e. C 30 H H  2C 15 H 32 (cracking the chain) C 30 H H  2C 15 H 32 (cracking the chain)

DRILLING

AB C