TOPIC 1 TYPES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT. Types of Hearing Impairment A loss of sensitivity Auditory nervous system pathology.

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Presentation transcript:

TOPIC 1 TYPES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT

Types of Hearing Impairment A loss of sensitivity Auditory nervous system pathology

Important Terms Time of onset Congenital: present at birth Acquired:obtained after birth Adventitious:acquired after birth

Important Terms Time Course Acute:sudden onset/short duration Chronic: long duration Sudden:rapid onset Gradual:changes slowly over time

Important Terms Time Course Temporary:limited duration Permanent:irreversible Progressive:advancing Fluctuating:changes in degree over time

Important Terms Number of Ears Involved Unilateral:Just one Bilateral:Both

Hearing Sensitivity Loss “The ear is not as sensitive as normal in detecting sound”  Types: Conductive Sensorineural Mixed

Conductive Hearing Loss “Caused by an abnormal reduction or attenuation of sound as it travels from the outer ear to the cochlea”

Conductive Hearing Loss An audiogram of a bilateral conductive hearing loss

Conductive Hearing Loss Differences in the air-bone gap across different types of hearing loss

Sensorineural Hearing Loss “Caused by a failure in the cochlea to transduce the sound from the middle ear to neural impulses in the VIII Nerve.”

Sensorineural Hearing Loss n Implications include: A reduction in the sensitivity of the receptor cells in the cochlea A reduction in the frequency resolving power of the cochlea A reduction in the dynamic range of the system

Sensorineural Hearing Loss An audiogram of a bilateral sensorineural hearing loss

Sensorineural Hearing Loss Differences in the air-bone gap across different types of hearing loss

Mixed Hearing Loss “A loss with both a conductive and sensorineural component.”

Mixed Hearing Loss An audiogram of a bilateral mixed hearing loss

Mixed Hearing Loss Differences in the air-bone gap across different types of hearing loss

Types of Hearing Impairment A loss of sensitivity Auditory nervous system pathology

Auditory Nervous System Impairment Causes: Disease Disordered auditory nervous system development

Auditory Nervous System Impairment Kinds: Retrocochlear disorders Central auditory processing disorders

Auditory Nervous System Impairment § Auditory Characteristics: Reduced ability to understand speech in a noise background Problems understanding speech with reduced redundancy Problems with localization and lateralization Problems processing normal or altered temporal cues

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