1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, 2004 1 CHAPTER 12: BULK RELATIONS FOR TRANSPORT.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Total & Specific Energy
Advertisements

REVIEW OF 1D OPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS
Sediment Transport Outline
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE Precipitation Runoff or infiltration(groundwater flow and plant uptake) Flow to and/or gather in basin Evapotranspiration into air Condensation.
Entrainment and non-uniform transport of fine-sediment in coarse-bedded rivers Paul E. Grams & Peter R. Wilcock, Johns Hopkins University Stephen M. Wiele,
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 7: RELATIONS FOR 1D BEDLOAD.
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 18: MOBILE AND STATIC ARMOR.
RELATIONS FOR THE ENTRAINMENT AND 1D TRANSPORT OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 1: FELIX M. EXNER AND THE.
MORPHODYNAMICS OF GRAVEL-SAND TRANSITIONS
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 9: RELATIONS FOR HYDRAULIC.
Dunes in the North Loup River, Nebraska, USA; image courtesy D. Mohrig
RELATIONS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF BED SEDIMENT
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 16: MORPHODYNAMICS OF BEDROCK-ALLUVIAL.
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 17: AGGRADATION AND DEGRADATION.
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 13: THE QUASI-STEADY APPROXIMATION.
Fluxes of water, sediment, and elements class 1.Introduce instrumentation and approach for surveying and flow gauging 2.Introduce and understand Manning’s.
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 6: THRESHOLD OF MOTION AND.
Rivers entering a (subsiding) graben in eastern Taiwan.
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 21 RESPONSE OF A SAND-BED.
CLASS PLAN RIVER BEHAVIOR FLOW GAUGING MANNING’S EQUATION BANKFULL DISCHARGE DISCUSS MCPHEE.
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 24: APPROXIMATE FORMULATION.
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 3: BANKFULL CHARACTERISTICS.
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 11: SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR.
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 20 AGGRADATION AND DEGRADATION.
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 15: EXTENSION OF 1D MODEL.
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 19: EFFECT OF THE HYDROGRAPH.
Suspended Load Above certain critical shear stress conditions, sediment particles are maintained in suspension by the exchange of momentum from the fluid.
HYDRAULICS AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT: RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS
National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics Short Course Morphology, Morphodynamics and Ecology of Mountain Rivers December 11-12, HYDRAULICS OF.
Sediment transport in wadi systems
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, HIGHLIGHTS OF OPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS.
US Army Corps of Engineers Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory Engineer Research and Development Center Lower Susquehanna River Watershed Assessment Two.
Reynolds Number (Re) Re = R = A/P V = mean velocity  /  =  (which is kinematic viscosity) Re = VR(  /  ), where Driving Forces Resisting Force Re.
Stream Stability and Sediment Transport Environmental Hydrology Lecture 21.
MODELING OF FLUVIAL FANS AND BAJADAS IN SUBSIDING BASINS
Work and Energy  Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.  Two Types of Energy: Potential Energy = energy that is stored in an object due to.
Simplicity in Braiding Rivers
LECTURE 8 LAYER-AVERAGED GOVERNING EQUATIONS FOR TURBIDITY CURRENTS
Sediment Yield and Channel Processes. Definitions Suspend Sediment – sediment (orgranic or inorganic) which remains in suspension in water for a considerable.
1 LECTURE 12 MORPHODYNAMICS OF 1D SUBMARINE/SUBLACUSTRINE FANS CEE 598, GEOL 593 TURBIDITY CURRENTS: MORPHODYNAMICS AND DEPOSITS As the Colorado River.
Flow Energy PE + KE = constant between any two points  PE (loss) =  KE (gain) Rivers are non-conservative; some energy is lost from the system and can.
Sediment transport Part 2: transport rate GEOL/CE/EEB 8601 Intro to Stream Restoration.
 Not all channels are formed in sediment and not all rivers transport sediment. Some have been carved into bedrock, usually in headwater reaches of streams.
Incorporating sediment-transport capabilities to DSM2
1 LECTURE 11 INTRODUCTION TO TURBIDITY CURRENT MORPHODYNAMICS CEE 598, GEOL 593 TURBIDITY CURRENTS: MORPHODYNAMICS AND DEPOSITS Top: photo showing the.
1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 31: EROSIONAL NARROWING.
Bradshaw Model. Upstream Downstream Discharge Occupied channel width Channel depth Average velocity Load quantity Load particle size Channel bed roughness.
Intro to Geomorphology (Geos 450/550) Lecture 7: channel geometry and sediment transport power laws in channel geometry bed load sediment transport Rouse.
Stream/River formation and features
1 INTRODUCTION TO “Stratigrafia” The code in the workbook “stratigrafia” computes - longitudinal profiles; - water surface elevation; - sediment transport.
Surface and Ground water Chapter 11. Hydrologic Cycle.
Journal #4 Why are river system constantly changing? The narrow depression that a stream follows downhill is called its _________. What causes the formation.
1 DIMENSIONLESS BANKFULL HYDRAULIC RELATIONS FOR EARTH AND TITAN Gary Parker Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Dept. of Geology University.
Stream Erosion & Deposition Chapter 6 sections 1 and 2.
Water Resources Groundwater. Key definitions Zone of aeration – soil and rock are less saturated (some pores contain air) Zone of saturation- pores contain.
Basic sediment transport
“the great sculptor of the landscape”
THE SEARCH FOR THE HOLY GRAIL:
Uniform Open Channel Flow
L.O: swbat explain STREAM EROSION.
Chapter 9 Surface Water Runoff- water flowing downslope on Earth’s surface. Factors: Vegetation- ↓ runoff due to pore space & slows down precipitation.
Streams and Rivers Video: Grand Canyon.
Mass wasting: Rock falls and talus
Discharge, stream flow & channel shape
Stream Erosion.
Stream Erosion.
The shapes of stream channels
Surface Water Chapter 9.
Outline 1. Motivation 2. River Morphodynamic
Presentation transcript:

1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, CHAPTER 12: BULK RELATIONS FOR TRANSPORT OF TOTAL BED MATERIAL LOAD Sediment-laden meltwater emanating from a glacier in Iceland. The flow is from top to bottom. The flow to the left is braided, whereas that to the right is meandering. Image courtesy F. Engelund and J. Fredsoe.

1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, QUANTIFICATION OF TOTAL BED MATERIAL LOAD The total bed material load is equal to the sum of the bedload and the bed material part of the suspended load; in terms of volume transport per unit width, q t = q b + q s. Here wash load, i.e. that part of the suspended load that is too fine to be contained in measurable quantities in the river bed, is excluded from q s. Total bed material load is quantified in various ways in addition to q t Flux-based volume concentration C t = q t /(q t + q w ) Flux-based mass concentration X t =  s q t /(  s q t +  q w ) Flux-based mass concentration in parts per million = X t  10 6 Concentration in milligrams per liter =  s q t /(q t + q w )  10 6, where q t and q w are in m 2 /s and  s is in tons/m 3. In the great majority of cases of interest q t /q w << 1, so that the concentration in milligrams per liter is accurately approximated by the mass concentration in parts per million.

1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, RELATION OF ENGELUND AND HANSEN (1967) A variety of relations are available for the prediction of bulk total bed material load. Most of them are based on the regression of large amounts of data. Five such relations are reported here. Although the data bases for some of them include gravel, they are not designed for gravel-bed streams. As such, their use should be restricted to sand-bed streams. Perhaps the simplest of these relations is that due to Engelund and Hansen (1967). It takes the form where The relation is designed to be used in conjunction with the formulation of hydraulic resistance of Engelund and Hansen (1967) presented in Chapter 9. Brownlie (1981) has found the relation to perform very well for field sand-bed streams.

1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, RELATION OF BROWNLIE (1981) The formulation of Brownlie (1981) can be expressed as: In the above relations  g is the geometric standard deviation of the bed sediment and c F takes the value of 1 for laboratory conditions and for field conditions. The relation is designed to be used in conjunction with the Brownlie (1981) formulation for hydraulic resistance.

1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, RELATION OF YANG (1973) The formulation of Yang (1973; see also 1996) can be expressed as: In the above relations v s is the fall velocity associated with sediment size D 50.

1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, RELATION OF ACKERS AND WHITE (1973) The formulation of Ackers and White (1973) can be expressed as:

1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, RELATIONS OF KARIM AND KENNEDY (1981) AND KARIM (1998) The formulation of Karim and Kennedy (1981) can be expressed as: where u *c can be evaluated from Brownlie’s (1981) fit to the original Shields curve: The above relation may be used in conjunction with their relation for hydraulic resistance presented in Chapter 9. Karim (1998) also presents a total bed material load equation that is fractionated for mixtures;

1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS with applications to RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS © Gary Parker November, REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 12 Ackers, P. and White, W. R., 1973, Sediment transport: new approach and analysis, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 99(11), Brownlie, W. R., 1981, Prediction of flow depth and sediment discharge in open channels, Report No. KH-R-43A, W. M. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulics and Water Resources, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA, 232 p. Engelund, F. and E. Hansen, 1967, A Monograph on Sediment Transport in Alluvial Streams, Technisk Vorlag, Copenhagen, Denmark. Karim, F., 1998, Bed material discharge prediction for nonuniform bed sediments, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 124(6): Karim, F., and J. F. Kennedy, 1981, Computer-based predictors for sediment discharge and friction factor of alluvial streams, Report No. 242, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Yang, C. T., 1973, Incipient motion and sediment transport, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 99(10), Yang, C. T., 1996, Sediment Transport Theory and Practice, McGraw-Hill, USA, 396 p.