Ancient eroded layered craters Long/lat : (ranked by distance from ellipse center) 1-341.06E, 24.05N 2-341.07E, 24.01N 3-340.96E, 23.98N 4-340.98E, 23.86N.

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Chapter 3 Topographic Maps

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Circular layered structures Long/lat: E, 23.98N E, 24.05N E, 24.04N E, 24.01N E, 24.09N E, 24.02N.

Putative mineralized fractures Long/lat: E, 23.99N Rational: A group of ~parallel levees stand out on one outcrop on the flank of Mawrth Vallis.

Remaining Uncertainties: Is there evidence of a shoreline/bench in Eberswalde crater corresponding to the elevation of the delta surface and the spillway.

Paleo-surface Long/lat: from E, 24.21N to E, 23.95N Rational: A layer of the clay unit remained at the surface for a longer time than the rest.

Valleys on Oyama flank Long/lat: From E, 24.23N to E, 23.90N Rational: Several gullies/valleys have cut into the flank of Oyama. Sediments.

Small valleys in the southern part of the ellipse Long/lat: E, 23.85N Rational: Sediments deposited in this partly filled valley may be of utmost.

Putative eroded inverted valley Long/lat: E, 23.93N Rational: Sediments deposited in this filled and inverted valley, at the base of the remnant.

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Lobate ejecta from large and fresh crater Long/lat: E, 23.69N E, 23.74N Rational: A crater of diameter ~12 km has exhumed material from.

Strongly eroded unit Long/lat: from E, 24.12N to E, 23.87N Rational: This erosion feature bond to one particular stratigraphic level in the.

Contact between layered sulfate & clay bearing strata and fluvial channel at Gale crater Latitude/longitude: 4°46'26" S, 137°23'42" E Rationale: Alteration.

Large craters outside the ellipse Long/lat (by decreasing size): E, 24.24N E, 24.30N E, 24.25N E, 24.32N E,

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Large fractures (to be differentiated from the small polygonal fracturation) Long/lat: (no particular order) E, 23.84N E, 23.85N E,

Breccia at Mawrth: polygonal breccia & breccia in elongate pods Latitude/longitude: 1) 24° 8'40"N, 18°53'55"W 2) 24° 8'55"N, 18°53'40"W Rationale: Interesting.

Valleys & inverted valleys in Mawrth Vallis flank Long/lat: E, 24.11N E, 24.06N E, 24.04N E, 23.99N E, 24.17N.

Oyama layered deposits Long/lat: from E, 24.00N to E, 23.20N Rational: Clays have been transported onto the floor of Oyama and deposited as.

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Putative paleo sand-sheet Long/lat: from E, 24.11N to E, 23.89N Rational: This structure would indicate a temporary change in the environment.

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Large valleys north of landing site Long/lat: from E, 24.26N to E, 24.58N Rational: Sediments deposited in these valleys may be of utmost interest.

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Lower blue unit Long/lat: E, 23.97N Rational: This different mineralogy reveals different conditions of formation/alteration. Morphology & mineralogy:

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Ancient eroded layered craters Long/lat : (ranked by distance from ellipse center) E, 24.05N E, 24.01N E, 23.98N E, 23.86N E, 23.86N E, 24.04N E, 23.88N E, 23.89N E, 24.12N E, 24.16N E, 24.17N E, 24.06N E, 24.06N E, 23.76N E, 23.75N E, 23.98N The objective will not be to drive to all of them, but to target the closest to the actual landing site, and possibly some other(s) on the way to other targets Rational: Eroded craters give a particular access to subsurface layers in a layered unit, as the rover Opportunity showed. Morphology & mineralogy: Even if here we have direct access everywhere to the layered rocks, gentle craters walls will provide good access to many layers in short distances. We tried to select craters whose walls give access to layers of different compositions as seen with NIR spectral CRISM data, and on the HiRISE and HRSC color images. MSL tasks: At large scale, study the layering of the two sub-units, the transition from one to the other. At small scale, study the layering, the grain structure, the mineralogy and chemistry of the rocks and the variations from one to the other sub- unit and within in each sub-unit. Moreover the effects of the crater impacts on the rocks will be studied. HRSC mosaic with HRSC nadir & color images

E, 24.05N E, 24.01N Close to the center of the ellipse #1 is smaller but excavates deeper layers km Access to many layers HiRISE mosaic with HRSC & HiRISE color images

E, 24.05N E, 24.01N CRISM mineral map Orange => Fe/Mg smectites Green => Fe2+ material Blue => Al-phyllosilicates Fe/Mg smectites Fe2+ material Al-phyllosilicates HiRISE mosaic with CRISM indices map (L.Saper)

E, 23.98N 300 m 3 HiRISE mosaic with HRSC & HiRISE color images

E, 23.86N E, 23.86N m HiRISE mosaic with HRSC & HiRISE color images

1 km E, 24.04N E, 24.06N E, 24.06N HiRISE mosaic with HRSC & HiRISE color images

E, 23.88N E, 23.89N 500 m HiRISE mosaic with HRSC & HiRISE color images

E, 24.12N E, 24.16N E, 24.17N HiRISE mosaic with HRSC & HiRISE color images 500 m

E, 24.05N E, 24.06N 500 m HiRISE & CTX mosaic with HRSC color images 12 13

E, 23.76N E, 23.75N The two craters are located at a particular location at the top of a hill (~250 m local high) 500 m HiRISE mosaic with HiRISE color images

E, 23.98N HiRISE mosaic 500 m