Helsinki Testbed Mesoscale weather research Forecast and dispersion models development and verification Information systems and technology integration End-user product development and demonstration Data distribution for public and research community Jani Poutiainen / Finnish Meteorological Institute

Roles of participating organizations Finnish Meteorological Institute: 1.Coordination 2.Station planning 3.Current observations 4.Combined database 5.Data distribution 6.Funding 7.Research Vaisala: 1.Distributed weather stations, installations and maintenance 2.Collection of currently non- operational data 3.Database programming 4.Funding 5.Research Radiation and nuclear safety authority Finland: 1.Funding 2.Research Technology agency of Finland: 1.Funding Finnish Road Administration: 1.Road weather observations 2.Funding 3.User of results IAAF WCA 2005: 1.Observation site host 2.Funding 3.User of results Unibase: 1.Observation mast host Ferry company X: 1.Observation vessel host Finnish volunteer coast guard association: 1.Observation vessel host Project coordination Participants in technical aspects Funding organizations Research and use of results Helsinki Univ. of Technology: 1. Product distribution during WCA2005 Steering committee: Members indicated in blue background Helsinki metropolitan area council: 1.Observation site host 2.Funding 3.User of results Finnish Road Enterprise: 1.Funding 2.User of results Outsourced services: 1. Data warehouse web-interface Nokia: 1.M2M technology

Mesoscale terminology Space scaleTime scale Meso-α km6 h – 2 d Meso-β km30 min – 6 h Meso-γ2-20 km3-30 min Orlanski (1975)

”A testbed is a working relationship in a quasi-operational framework among measurement specialists, forecasters, researchers, private-sector, and government agencies aimed at solving operational and practical regional [insert phenomenon or forecast challenge] problems with a strong connection to the end-users. Outcomes from a testbed are more effective observing systems, better use of data in forecasts, improved services, products, and economic/public safety benefits. Testbeds accelerate the translation of R&D findings into better operations, services, and decision-making. A successful testbed requires physical assets as well as long-term commitments and partnerships.” A definition for ”testbed” (Dabberdt et al. 2004):

Research plan Water phase: rain/snow/mixed Visibility – Fog and precipitation phase and intensity Inversion height and strength Air quality model Sea breeze Sensitivity tests with local area models Road surface radiation balance model

Measurement periods and themes: (May 2005 test of communications) August 2005 – Nowcasting by extrapolation – World Championships in Athletics – No database yet, limited remote sensing instrumentation November 2005 – Snow/rain January-February 2006 – Stable boundary layer and inversions May 2006 – Sea breeze, fog August 2006 – Convection Snowing on Nov 20th 2004, Helsinki Convection on Jul 5th 2003, Helsinki

All stations except road weather stations (plan on ): For clarity, Finnish Road Administration’s road weather stations are mapped separately

FMI’s automatic sites for Helsinki testbed & comparison: Intense network with most WXTs Larger area incl. model fields Estimate for intense area: 16 (FMI), Vaisala, Kumpula, 30 link masts, 20 other WXTs and standalone loggers, 3 ship, 9 precip stations, and 23 road stations.  103 pcs.  Avg station distance of 8,7 km Compare to 138 automated FMI stations in whole country  Avg station distance of 49,5 km ~90 km ~170 km

Suggested Unibase masts, m height; (plan on ): Masts with 3 heights, middle height doubled Heights: 2m and mast top

Ceilo (triangle: CT25K, circle CL31) Sounding (circle) and possible profiler sites (triangle)

Rain measurements -belt: radar 20-60km -dot: manual obs -big diamond: FD12P -small diamond: potential FD12P -triangle: autom snow depth -square: weighing gauge

FMI automated surface station (circle) and manual activity (big circle)

Surface WXT510 & standalone loggers; mainly Helsinki area: Helsinki Hernesaari testbed Helsinki Bulevardi testbed Helsinki ydinkeskusta testbed Helsinki Eläintarha testbed Helsinki Vallila testbed Vantaa Tikkurila testbed Helsinki Olympiastadiontestbed Helsinki Roihupeltotestbed Espoo Leppävaara testbed Nummi-Pusula, Loukkutestbed Helsinki Itä-Pakilaheat island Vantaa Pakkalaheat island Vantaa Asolaheat island Helsinki Tapulikaupunkiheat island Sipoo, Östersundomheat island Kirkkonummi Sundsbergheat island Vantaa Riipilä mäkiheat island Vantaa Riipilä laaksoheat island Helsinki Harju heat island Helsinki Pitäjänmäkiheat island Helsinki Itä-Pakilaheat island Total21 pcs.

Remote sensing: 3D composite of FMI 4 Doppler C-band radars Estonian radar in Tallinn C-band dual polarimetric radar Lightning location RASS + mobile wind profiler Meteosat 8 Seviri NOAA Ceilometers CT25K & CL31

Other considered data sources: Soundings (Jokioinen, Uusimaa, Tallinn) GTS transmitted surface and remote sensing observations Other masts (Kivenlahti, Loviisa, Kumpula etc.) Air quality data (Helsinki metropolitan area council YTV) Newspaper weather maps Hirlam forecast fields SatReps SAFs

- Thank you -