Sickle-cell anemia By: Cliff Stoutenburg Chemeketa Paramedic Program Sickle Cell

History of the disease Explained in 1904 by James B. Herrick Disease named in 1922 High infant mortality rate, history of condition traces back to 1670s African americans using tar soap Demonstration of SCA in 1949

What is sickle-cell anemia(SCA) Common? –Affects 72,000 Americans –1 in 400 African Americans have SCA Blood disorder –Mutation of hemoglobin –Decreases cell flexibility –Destroyed in liver/spleen Sickle cell traits

SCA

What is SCA, cont. Who does it affect? –More common in regions with high case of malaria How do you get it? –Can you get it from touching a person with it? Does it make carrier immune to malaria

What is SCA, cont. Specific form of sickle-cell disease –Other forms of sickle-cell disease HbSC

Signs/Symptoms Signs and symptoms –Hypoxia –Increased acidity –Dehydration –SOB –Tachycardia –Delayed growth

S/S –Jaundice –Chronic abdominal pain –General weakness –Joint pain –Fever –Vomiting –Hematuria(blood in urine)

S/S –Priapism –Decreased fertility –Excessive thirst –Chest pain

Complications Vaso-occlusive crisis Severe Infections Spleen Crisis Stroke

Complications (cont.) Acute Chest Syndrome Anemia Aplastic Crisis Bone Necrosis Kidney Infarct

Complications (cont.) Renal failure Pulmonary Hypertension Congestive heart failure Hand and Foot Syndrome Cholecystitis Average life expectancy

Treatment Can you be tested? –Hemoglobin electrophoresis Is there a cure? –Some success with bone marrow transplant (Blood)

Treatment Severe cases –Managed with opioid administration Diphenhydramine –Antibiotics –Bone marrow transplants –Hydroxyurea –Vanillin –EPO –Supplement oxygen

Treatment Mild cases –Acetaminophen –NSAIDs –Folic acid –Supplement oxygen –Avoid extreme hot or cold weather –Avoid exertion –Stay hydrated!!!

Future treatment Studies –Nitric oxide –Clotrimazole –Butyric acid

Myths SCA contagious? Affects only African-Americans? People with SCA cannot get malaria?

Work cited page 1. cell_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle- cell_disease 2. ses/Sca/SCA_WhatIs.htmlhttp:// ses/Sca/SCA_WhatIs.html 3. asphttp:// asp 4. i?rid=gnd.section.98http:// i?rid=gnd.section ,00.htmlhttp:// 54,00.html