Antiquity of Humanity Later Human Evolution: Genus Homo.

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Presentation transcript:

Antiquity of Humanity Later Human Evolution: Genus Homo

Evolution of Humans

Homo habilis (ca mya)

First Stone Tools: Oldowan Pebble Choppers

Homo erectus (ca. 1.6 mya-300 kya) First Humanoid Out of Africa-spread to Middle East and Asia. First Humanoid to have controlled use of fire. Characteristics: Larger brain ( cc) Larger body size (5’5’’-6’) Acheulian Hand Axes

Homo erectus (ca. 1.6 mya- 300 kya)

Acheulian Hand Axes

Archaic Homo sapiens (ca kya) Populations located in Africa, Middle East, Southern Europe and Asia Characteristics: Large brain size ( cc) More complex campsites, etc. Advanced Acheulian tools

Archaic Homo sapiens

Advanced Acheulian Tools

Homo sapiens neanderthalensis Neandertals (ca kya) Species restricted to Europe, eastern Middle East during height of Ice Age Evolved to be specifically cold-adapted: Short and stocky body type Large nose (nasal passages for warming air) Barrel chest (also for warming air) Long, low, thick skull but with large cranial capacity ( cc)

Homo sapiens neanderthalensis Neandertals (ca kya)

Not the “Cave Men” they were made out to be! First to bury dead First to create art on rocks and bone Elaborate Stone and Bone Tool technology Mousterian tools Some degree of altruism Old Man of La Chapelle Individual from Shanidar

Mousterian Tools: Period of stone tools associated with Neandertals

Burial at Tabun, Mt. Carmel, Israel

Shanidar 1: Eye Socket crushed-blinded in that eye

Homo sapiens sapiens ca. (130 kya…) Fully modern humans Probably evolved in Africa and spread to other regions to replace Archaics and Neandertals. Upper Paleolithic tool technology Elaborate Cave Art

Homo sapiens sapiens

Upper Paleolithic Tools

At What Point Did We Become “Human”? Australopithecines Bipedal, but still ape-sized brain Homo habilis First to use tools Homo erectus Tools, Out of Africa, Use of Fire Homo sapiens neandertalensis Altruism, Burial of Dead Homo sapiens sapiens Modern appearance, Use of art on large scale

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