1 The Evidence for Evolution Chapter 22

2 Darwin’s Finches

3 Peppered Moths and Industrial Melanism

4 Selection Against Melanism

5 Artificial Selection Agriculture – corn kernel characteristics

6 Artificial Selection Domestication – breeds and characteristics of dogs

7 Evidence for Evolution The Fossil Record Anatomical Record Molecular Record

8 History of Life

9 The Evolution of Horses Modern members of Equidae (horses, zebras, donkeys) are descendents of a lineage originating in the Eocene period 55 mya. – The earliest known members were species in genus Hyracotherium.  small size  multiple toes  small, simple teeth

10 The Anatomical Record Homology – structures with different appearances and functions that all derived from a common ancestor – Development – different organisms exhibit similar embryological forms

11 The Anatomical Record Vestigial structures – organs with no apparent modern function, but resemble ancestral structures

12 The Molecular Record Distantly related organisms are expected to accumulate a greater number of evolutionary differences than closely related species.

13 Convergent Evolution Convergent evolution - selection that favors changes making two or more groups more similar – similar solutions to similar problems Divergent evolution - selection that favors changes making two or more groups less similar – exposure to different selective pressures

14 Convergent Evolution

15 Darwin’s Critics there are no fossil intermediates natural selection does not imply evolution

16 Summary Beaks of Darwin’s Finches Peppered Moths and Industrial Melanism Artificial Selection The Fossil Record The Anatomical Record The Molecular Record Convergent and Divergent Evolution