Chemistry 1010 Acids and Bases

Molarity The number of moles of solute in 1 liter of solution Molarity = Moles of Solute Liters of Solution

H+ + H 2 O  H 3 O+ HNO 3 + H 2 O  H3O+ + NO 3 - HBr + H 2 O  H 3 O+ + Br- Acid Anything that increases the hydronium ion (H3O+) concentration Anything that donates a proton (H+ ion) Acid

Direct – OH- is contained in the base NaOH + H 2 O  Na+ + OH- + H 2 O Indirect – OH- is produced in the reaction NH 3 + H 2 O  NH OH- Base Anything that increases the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration Base – substance that can accept a proton

Strong acid/Base Is completely converted to ions in water

Weak acid/Base Is partially converted to ions in water

Strong and Weak O One Way or Two Way Arrow

Properties of Acids Turn Litmus indicator red Taste Sour Dissolve active metals Produce CO 2 when added to limestone React with bases to form a salt and water

Properties of Bases Turn Litmus indicator blue Taste bitter Feel Slippery React with acids to form a salt and water

Common Acids and Bases AcidsBases VinegarAmmonia TomatoesBaking Soda Citrus FruitsSoap Carbonated PopDetergents Gastric FluidOven Cleaners Vitamin CLye AspirinDrain Cleaners

Acids to know HCl Hydrochloric Acid H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric Acid HNO 3 Nitric Acid HC 2 H 3 O 2 Acetic Acid

Bases to know Alkali metal Hydroxides –LiOH Lithium Hydroxide –NaOHSodium Hydroxide –KOHPotassium Hydroxide NH3Ammonia

Neutralization Any time you react an acid with a base you get a salt and water HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O Acid basesalt water HNO3 + LiOH  LiNO3 + H2O

Self ionization H 2 O + H 2 O  H 3 O+ + OH-

Ways to determine pH Taste Litmus Paper PH strips Indicators pH meter Acids react with metals or carbonates

Titration Experiment How do you know how much acid is in a solution… ………How about Taste It?