Principles of Immunology Infectious Process 4/13/06 ”If we had no winter, the spring would not be so pleasant: if we did not sometimes taste of adversity, prosperity would not be so welcome” Anne Bradstreet

Word/Terms List  Antigenemia  Antigenic drift  Antigenic shift  Disease  Infection  Intoxication  Normal flora  Toxoid

Infectious Process  Infectious Disease Triangle Microbe/Agent Host Environmental conditions

Categories of Microbes/Agents  Viruses  Bacteria  Fungi  Parasites  Prions

Pathogenicity  Virulence factors  Infectious Dose  Route of infection  Mode of transmission  Microbe stability

Host Defenses  Innate  Adaptive

Things to remember  Host range  Infectious process as direct or indirect cause of disease  Infection vs. disease

Pathogenicity  Virulence factors  Infectious Dose  Route of infection  Mode of transmission  Microbe stability

Viral diseases  Obligate intracellular parasites  Enveloped vs. non enveloped  Latency  Host range  Tissue/cell specificity  Antigenic changes

Immunity to Viral diseases  Interferon  NK cells  Neutralizing Ab  Secretory IgA  C fixation  Cell mediated immunity

Bacterial diseases  Extracellular vs. intracellular  Toxins Cell associated Extracellular  Enzymes  Capsules  Fimbriae/pili

Immunity to Bacterial Diseases  Antibodies  Opsonization  Phagocytes  Cell-mediated immunity

Fungal diseases  Opportunism  Capsules  Spores

Immunity to Fungal diseases  Innate  Normal flora  Antibodies  Cell mediated immunity

Parasitic diseases  Large complex agents  Range of diseases  Environmental factors  Immunity is complex