User Psychology ITKP103 Human Being and Information System Sacha Helfenstein Lectures , 2.11., and

Pertti Saariluoma (1 lecture) Foreword and Introduction –Human Being and Technology –The User: Psychological Perspective –Future of Human Technology

Sacha Helfenstein (3 lectures) User Psychology of the Individual –Sensation & Perception –Attention & Memory –Thinking & Learning –Emotion & Motivation

Hanna Parkkola (2+2 lectures) User in Context and Research –Social User –User Research –Leisure Environmet –Work Environment

Kimmo Wideroos (3 lectures) User Interface –Definition –Research & Development –World of Interfaces

Human Technology Context E.g., Social Psychology Human Technology Ubiquitous Computing & Embeded Technology Use and Interaction

„Your product or service is useless if humans do not understand it, cannot operate it, or do not want to use it.“

Objectives Learn principles of psychology that form the basis of user-centered design Become an informed observer of people, objects, and how they interact

Nielsen-Norman Group Donald A. NormanJakob Nielsen

Problem "There are numerous guides on Web design but for the most part, these are based on designer's intuition and common sense - with little theoretical or experimental validation." (Dalal et al, 1999)

Research Fields From Man-Machine Interaction (MMI) to HCI, to Human-Technology Interaction and Man- Machine-Man Interaction (MMMI) User Psychology vs. Psychology of Use Consumer Psychology From Human Factors and Ergonomics, via Usability Analysis and Evaluation to User Experience Research Human(User)-Centered Design and User- friendly Computing

Applying Psychology in Design –“Design is where the action is, not evaluation” (Newell & Card, 1985) –Psychology can be “the mother of invention” (Landauer, 1987) –“Psychologists often relegate themselves to the role of commentators on existing designs, but the alternative is to take the lead” (Draper, 1993)

Dimensions of Psychology Psychology deals with human experience (i.e., mental processes) and behavior. Thinking Feeling Acting Mind Body Environment

Psychological Disciplines Cognitive Psychology –Sensation, Perception, and Motor Control –Learning, Memory, and Thinking –Emotion and Motivation Social Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality and Inter-individual Differences Applied Psychology

The Model Human Processor Perception system Cognition system Motor system (Card, Moran, & Newell, 1983)

Perception, Attention and Memory Classic cognitive research investigates the laws and limits of human information processing (i.e., knowledge construction), including the capacities and structures in retaining, storing, and retrieving information. It does not explicate the contents of the mind.

Stage Model of Memory Sensory Storage Working Memory Long-Term Memory maintenance organization/elaboration Decay: 0.2-4sDecay: 20-30s 7 (± 2 chunks) Decay? Interference? Audible Visual Haptic Information modality Unprocessed information Symbolic information chunks Semantic and procedural information Adapted from Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)

Traffic Psychology Example Ca. 1 sign / 20 m Fixation time300ms500ms750ms Speed 50km/h20%35%50% Speed 100km/h40%70%100% Speed 150km/h70%100% Percentage of driving time used only to visually fixate traffic signs.

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