Infrared Spectroscopy Antonella Magnelli. Development Discovered in 1800 but commercially available in 1940s Prisms Grating Instruments Fourier-transform.

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Presentation transcript:

Infrared Spectroscopy Antonella Magnelli

Development Discovered in 1800 but commercially available in 1940s Prisms Grating Instruments Fourier-transform spectrometers Tunable infrared lasers

Applications Qualitative Analysis Organic and Inorganic Functional Groups “Fingerprint Region” Pure Unknowns Quantitative Analysis A = log 10 (I 0 /I) A = log 10 (100/T) A(v) = a(v)bc Molecular Structure Light molecules examined in gas phase exhibiting rotational structure Estimates of temperature and pressure Other Applications Calculation of thermodynamic quantities Studies of intermolecular forces etc.

3 Regions Near Infrared ,500 cm -1, or μm Excite harmonics of molecular vibrations and low- energy electronic transitions in molecules and crystals Source Detector

3 Regions Mid Infrared cm -1, or μm Stretching and bending vibrations of molecules Source Detector

3 Regions Far Infrared cm -1, or μm Rotational transitions in gaseous molecules Low-frequency bending and skeletal vibrations Lattice modes in solids Source Detector

Absorption of IR Radiation Rotational and Vibrational changes Radiation absorbed  Rotation and Vibration Broad vibrational absorption bands for liquids or solids Change in Dipole Moment MUST occur to absorb IR radiation

Instrumentation Fixed Mirror Detector Sample ZPD  Beam Splitter Moving Mirror  Source

Instrumentation Radiation Sources Mid IR Sources Near IR Sources Far IR Sources Laser IR Sources Monochromators and Interferometers FT Spectrometers Interferometer Components

Instrumentation Detectors Bolometer Thermocouples Thermistors Golay Detector Pyroelectric Detector Photon Detector

References McDowell, Robin S. “Infrared Spectroscopy,” in DOI / , last modified: March 22, Robinson, James W., Skelly Frame, Eileen M., Frame, George M. (2005). Ungergraduate Instumental Analysis. 6 th Ed.