Human Ecology Department Arehna Workshop Health and Mobility Kos, 3-5 May, 2003 Mobility and Health at the WSSD and NEHAPs Luc Hens Human Ecology Department Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium [T] [F] [E] [W]

Human Ecology Department Major international agreements on health and environment 1.Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer (September 1987) 2.Basel Convention on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal (March 1989) 3.UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (June 1992)

Human Ecology Department Major international agreements on health and environment 5.Bahia Declaration on Chemical Safety (October 2000) 6.Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (May 2001) 4.Millennium Development Goals (September 2000)

Human Ecology Department Aims Health and mobility in 1.WSSD documents 2.NEHAPs

Human Ecology Department WSSD - main documents 1.Policy declaration 2.Plan of implementation 3.Partnerships

Human Ecology Department WSSD - political declaration 1.Over heading and concluding document 2.69 articles/ 6 sections 3.Pledge to implement a global SD programme 4.Mention of health and energy as general concerns (section 4) 5.No explicit mention of mobility in relation to health

Human Ecology Department Health and WEHAB priority areas Health and Water -water-related diseases contribute significantly to global illness and death -need to collect water a drain on women’s health Health and Biodiversity -loss of potential new medicines and medical models as biodiversity is lost -disturbed ecosystems can lead to new diseases -invasive species carrying and causing new disease patterns Health -poverty increases vulnerability to poor health, and poor health increases vulnerability to poverty -unhealthy environments lead to poor health Health and Energy -urban and indoor air pollution have serious impacts on health -climate change affecting health through heat waves, floods, patterns of infectious disease Health and Agriculture -healthy work-force needed for agricultural productivity -agricultural inputs having negative health impacts

Human Ecology Department WSSD - plan of implementation - content 1.Poverty eradication 2.Patterns of consumption and production 3.Resource base of economic and social development 4.Globalisation 5.Health 6.Small island developing states 7.Africa 8.Means of implementation 9.Institutional framework

Human Ecology Department Plan of Implementation 1.Main output document 2.Implementation of Agenda 21 3.A set of updated recommendations to states to put SD into action during the period

Human Ecology Department Mobility and Health PoI Number of Combined with paragraphs health [number with entriesof paragraphs with entries] 1.Transport52 2.Energy465 3.Air pollution43 4.Noisenone-

Human Ecology Department Mobility and health in PoI Chapter III: Consumption and Production: Transport (art. 20) 1.Provide public transport systems aimed at: (-)safe, affordable, efficient transportation (-)energy efficient (-)reduced pollution and congestion (-)reduce adverse health effects (-)limiting urban sprawl

Human Ecology Department Mobility and health in PoI Chapter III: Consumption and Production: Transport (art. 20) (-)better vehicle technologies (-)multi-modal transportation systems (-)financial assistance to DC and CET (-)partnerships 2.Instruments:

Human Ecology Department Mobility and health in PoI Chapter IV: Natural Resource Base: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol (art. 36) (-)technical and financial assistance and capacity building (-)build scientific and technological capabilities (-)observation of the Earth’s atmosphere (-)give special attention to Arctic environment

Human Ecology Department Mobility and health in PoI Chapter IV: Natural Resource Base: Air Pollution (-)strengthen capacities of DC to measure among others health impacts (-)facilitate and further elaborate the Montreal Protocol

Human Ecology Department Mobility and health in PoI Chapter VI: Health and Sustainable Development 1.Wide perspective relate to “human beings…are entitled to a healthy and productive life, in harmony with nature” (art. 1 Rio Declaration)

Human Ecology Department Mobility and health in PoI Chapter VI: Health and Sustainable Development (-)poverty eradication (-)vulnerable groups (-)traditional medicine knowledge and practice (-)occupational health (-)environmental health (-)HIV/AIDS 2.Scope:

Human Ecology Department Mobility and health in PoI Chapter VI: Health and Sustainable Development 2.Reduce respiratory diseases in children by (art. 49): (-)phasing out lead in gasoline (-)cleaner fuels 1.Curative programmes on: cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases (art. 44(0))

Human Ecology Department Partnerships 1.Type I Governmental initiatives (negotiated) Policy declaration Plan of implementation 2. Type II Projects - civil society (screened) NationalInternational

Human Ecology Department Type II International partnerships 1.Called for after the Bali prepcom - June Screened according to criteria agreed in Bali 3.At Summit (22/08/02) 218 were published

Human Ecology Department Type II International partnerships 4.Topics - Water - Energy - Health - Agriculture - Biodiversity/Ecosystems management - Decision making/Science and education - Finance/Trade/Technology transfer - Sustainable production and consumption - Urbanisation - Other areas

Human Ecology Department Type II Partnerships on Mobility and Health (and Leading Partners) -Global Partnership towards Cleaner Fuels International Fuel Quality Center, Brussels, Belgium -The LPG Challenge UNDP, World LP Gas Association, New York -Global Lead Initiative Alliance to End Childhood Lead Poisoning, Washington -Transport, Health and Environment Pan-European Programme (The PEP) UN/ECE and WHO Secretariats, Geneva

Human Ecology Department NEHAP - Background 1.1 st Interministrial Conference (Frankfurt, Ge; 1989) (-)European Protocol on Environment and Health (-)Health in a SD context

Human Ecology Department NEHAP - Background 2.2 nd Interministrial Conference (Helsinki, Fi; 1994) (-)Link with chapter 8 of Agenda 21 (UN, 1992) (-)Agreement to establish NEHAP

Human Ecology Department NEHAP - Background 3.4 th Interministrial Conference (Budapest, Hu; 2004) (-)NEHAP evaluation

Human Ecology Department NEHAPs published at WHO website - Armenia- Poland - Bulgaria- Republic of Moldova - Czech Republic- Russian Federation - Finland- Slovakia - Germany- Switzerland - Malta- United Kingdom

Human Ecology Department Mobility in NEHAPs 1.Very few plans mention “mobility” as an action target; e.g. Switzerland

Human Ecology Department Mobility in NEHAPs 1.Very few plans mention “mobility” as an action target; e.g. Switzerland 2.In most (but not all) plans are addressed (-)air pollution (-)noise 3.Proposed measures remain vague (no quantitative figures, time frames); e.g. “Reduction of traffic to protect the Alpine region”

Human Ecology Department Mobility in NEHAPs 4.As a rule no crosslinks to related existing plans; e.g.Plans for SD Mobility planning Environmental planning 5.Relationship with the WSSD targets are unaddressed

Human Ecology Department Conclusions 1.Environmental health is a rising issue on the international environmental agenda 2.Mobility/ transport is a recognised focal area 3.Explicit presence in PoI and NEHAPs is most limited 4.Continuing efforts to push on the international agendas are needed

Human Ecology Department Arehna Workshop Health and Mobility Kos, 3-5 May, 2003 Mobility and Health at the WSSD and NEHAPs Luc Hens Human Ecology Department Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium [T] [F] [E] [W]