Part I. Introduction. Comparative and International Education. Part II. The Process of Policy Analysis The Making of Education Policy

Summing Up Part 1 The purpose of comparison. What is comparative education? What is international education? Comparative cross-national studies. Education and Development and Education as a Human Right. Current Global Education Issues (Social inequality, urban-rural, gender inequality, conflict)

Summing Up Part 1 The purpose of comparison. What is comparative education? What is international education? Comparative cross-national studies. Education and Development and Education as a Human Right. Current Global Education Issues (Social inequality, urban-rural, gender inequality, conflict)

Who should be educated? For what purposes? Curriculum Pedagogy Instructional resources Assessment Teacher selection Initial Training In-service Training School Organization System Administration School Management

Economic Context Structure of the Economy Comparative Advantage Productivity Employment Cultural Context Identity Values Norms Shared meanings Political Context State—representation Governance State legitimacy Stability Rule of Law Social Context Status Hierarchies Individual-Society Demographic Context Demographic Structure Demographic Dynamics Geographical Context Natural Endowments Human-Environmental Issues Educational Institutions

Part I. Introduction. Comparative and International Education. Part II. The Process of Policy Analysis The Making of Education Policy

Policy An explicit or implicit decision which may set out directives for guiding future decisions, initiate or retard action, or guide implementation of previous decisions Strategy Multi-Program or Plan Program or Project Issue or Task

Steps to Policy Making Formulate Policy Assess Alternatives (Ex-Ante) Make the Decision Implement Evaluate Impact Make Adjustments New Policy Cycle

Implementation Trumps Outcomes

The Eightfold Path Define the Problem Assemble some Evidence Construct the Alternatives Select the Criteria Project the Outcomes Confront the Tradeoffs Decide Tell your Story

DFID Strategy We will focus on a clear and simple vision: quality basic education for all. This strategy outlines three strategic priorities that will help us realise this vision: (1) access to a basic cycle of primary and lower secondary education, particularly in fragile and conflict affected states; (2) quality of teaching and learning, particularly for basic literacy and numeracy; (3) skills so that young people benefit from opportunities, jobs and growth.

Rationale for education Why? What are the needs? Why should they be addressed? What are the obstacles/barriers?

Small group discussion In small groups discuss the particular strategies proposed to enhance access. What is being proposed? How coherent is it with the diagnosis of needs? Can you evaluate the recommendations in terms of effectiveness, costs and feasibility of implementation for a particular country?

Why is Research not Used? Characteristics of Education Research that influence use Characteristics of Policy Formation that influence demand for research Context and Politics of the situation