Molecules of Cells. Life is Based on Carbon Outer shell half full (4 e - ) Organic Compounds = Contain C (and H)

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Presentation transcript:

Molecules of Cells

Life is Based on Carbon Outer shell half full (4 e - ) Organic Compounds = Contain C (and H)

Hydrocarbons Compounds of only C and H Carbon skeleton (structural formula) –Straight Ethane C CH HH H HH

Hydrocarbons Compounds of only C and H Carbon skeleton (structural formula) –Straight –Branched Isobutane CC H H CH H H H C H HH H

Hydrocarbons Compounds of only C and H Carbon skeleton (structural formula) –Straight –Branched –Double bonds CC H CH H H H C H H H CC H CH H H H C H H H 1-butane2-butane

Hydrocarbons Compounds of only C and H Carbon skeleton (structural formula) –Straight –Branched –Double bonds –Rings C C H C HH H C HH benzene CC

Functional Groups Hydroxyl group (-O-H) –Alcohols C CH HH H OHH ethyl alcohol

Functional Groups Hydroxyl group (-OH) Carbonyl group (CO-) –Aldehyde C C H HH H HH propanol C O

Functional Groups Hydroxyl group (-OH) Carbonyl group (CO-) –Aldehyde –Keytone C C HH H OH acetone C H H

Functional Groups Hydroxyl group (-OH) Carbonyl group (CO-) Carboxyl group (-COOH) C OH O

Functional Groups Hydroxyl group (-OH) Carbonyl group (CO-) Carboxyl group (-COOH) Amino group (-NH 2 ) N H H

Macromolecules Polymers (Gr. many parts) Monomers (single parts) Hierarchical organization –Structure = function –Uniqueness of organsims

Dehydration Synthesis Linking molecules by removing H 2 O HOH H + H 2 OH

Hydrolysis Adding H 2 O to break bonds between molecules HOH H + H 2 OH

Carbohydrates Monosaccharides –Single carbohydrate units –Formula = (X)CH 2 O Glucose = C 6 H 12 O 6 –Hydroxal group - OH –Carbonyl group –COH –Combine to form polysaccharides Straight chain

Glucose Straight chain

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

Cellulose Most abundant organic polymer on earth. Glucose polymer Undigestable by most animals –Hooked together differently –Symbiotic relationship

Lipids Energy storage Molecule Mainly C & H atoms –Nonpolar –Hydrphobic Fatty acid molecules –General formula = (CH 2 )n –Carbon chain attached to carboxyl group

Fatty Acids

Triglycerides

Other Types – Phospholipids

Steroids

Cholesterol

Waxes Have only 1 fatty acid More hydrophobic (Structure-function) Nature’s waterprofer

Proteins Structural building blocks of life 7 Classes –Structural –Contractile –Storage –Defense –Transport –Signaling –Enzymes

Building Blocks of Proteins

Amino Acid Structure

Peptide Bonds & Protein Structure

Secondary Protein Structure

Tertiary Protein Structure

Quarternary Protein Structure

Protein Denaturation

Nucleic Acids

Polynucleotides

Ribose and Deoxyribose