THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT of 1973 Cornell Scientific Inquiry Partnership Cornell University
AMERICAN BUFFALO (BISON) Steve Maslowski, US Fish & Wildlife Service
Jesse Achtenberg, US Fish & Wildlife Service
Population in 1800: Million
George Catlin, Catlin and His Indian Guide Approaching Buffalo under White Wolf Skins,
Alfred Jacob Miller, Driving Herds of Buffalo over a Precipice, 1867 Joselyn Art Museum
L.A. Huffman, 1877
ca. 1873National Archives
ALMOST EXTINCT BY 1878
PASSENGER PIGEON
POPULATION AT ITS PEAK: 2-5 BILLION
PASSENGER PIGEON EXTINCTION: September 1, 1914, at 1pm
MIGRATORY BIRDS
LEGISLATION BEFORE Lacey Act: Migratory Bird Conservation Act: Bald Eagle Protection Act: Endangered Species Legislation: 1966 & 1969
THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT of 1973
PURPOSES: 1.To protect the ecosystems upon which endangered species depend
THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT of 1973 PURPOSES: 1.To protect the ecosystems upon which endangered species depend 2.To preserve and recover endangered species
ESA: MECHANISMS 1.LISTING ENDANGERED SPECIES 2.LAND OWNERSHIP 3.COOPERATION & FUNDING 4.REGULATIONS
1. LISTING ENGANGERD SPECIES Section 4 - The Secretary of the Interior lists species determined to be endangered or threatened on the basis of the best available science.
1. LISTING ENGANGERD SPECIES Section 4 - The Secretary of the Interior lists species determined to be endangered or threatened on the basis of the best available science. - The Secretary of the Interior designates areas of critical habitat for listed species.
2. LAND OWNERSHIP Section 5 -Authorizes the federal government to purchase land critical for endangered species -The Power of Eminent Domain
3. COOPERATION & FUNDING Section 6 - Authorizes cooperative agreements with states, which administer their own endangered species programs
3. COOPERATION & FUNDING Section 6 - Authorizes cooperative agreements with states, which administer their own endangered species programs - Authorizes funding for state and private programs that protect endangered species
4. REGULATIONS Section 7 - Requires that all actions taken or funded by federal agencies protect endangered species
4. REGULATIONS Section 9 - Makes it unlawful for anyone to “take” endangered species (“The term ‘take’ means to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect.”)
4. REGULATIONS Section 11 - Authorizes civil & criminal penalties for violating the Act
LEGAL QUESTIONS 1.The Value/Cost of endangered species -TVA v. Hill 437 U.S. 153 (1978)
TVA v. Hill (1978)
LEGAL QUESTIONS 1.The Value/Cost of endangered species -TVA v. Hill 437 U.S. 153 (1978) 2.The meaning of the term ‘take’ -Babbitt, Secretary of the Interior v. Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Greater Oregon 515 U.S. 687 (1995)
Babbitt v. Sweet Home (1995) J&K Hollingsworth USFWS photo J Brende
ENDANGERED/THREATENED SPECIES IN NEW YORK ANIMALS Indiana BatBlue Karner Butterfly Bald EaglePiping Plover Green Sea TurtleEastern Puma (Cougar) Chittenango SnailShortnose Sturgeon Roseate TernBog Turtle Dwarf WedgemusselFinback Whale Humpback WhaleRight Whale Eastern Grey WolfKemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle Leatherback Sea TurtleLoggerhead Sea Turtle
ENDANGERED/THREATENED SPECIES IN NEW YORK PLANTS Northern Wild Monkshood Sandplain Gerardia Seabeach Amaranth Leedy’s Roseroot American Hart’s-Tonge Fern Houghton’s Goldenrod
Nick Seifert