Innovative STD Screening Projects in Indian Country Lori de Ravello, MPH CDC Assignee National STD Program Indian Health Service May 9, 2006
Objective To describe AI/AN-focused STD screening projects developed by IHS and Tribal health programs
Screening Venues School-Based Screening Seasonal Firefighter Exams Community Outreach Jail-based
School-Based Screening Public High School (grades 9-12) on a small Northern Plains reservation STD 101 session followed by voluntary urine-based chlamydia and gonorrhea screening All students seen for 1-on-1 follow- up counseling, regardless of result Positives referred for usual partner services
Results of School-Based Screening 67% (388/577) attended STD 101 95% (367/388) accepted specimen cup 73% (269/370) provided specimen 5% overall chlamydia positivity 0% gonorrhea
Chlamydia Positivity, by sex
Chlamydia Positivity, by age
Evaluation Findings (80% response rate, 5-point scale) Information was adequate and helpful4.1 Testing at school a good idea4.3 Screening procedure was private4.2 Giving of results was private4.3 Want to see repeated83%yes Received info on how to contact nurse70% yes
Seasonal Firefighter Exams Popular job option in rural areas Annual physical exam required Some health facilities voluntarily include chlamydia screen Data compare women screened or tested in clinic and male firefighters (FF) screened at physical
Sites Site 1: Located in western U.S. IHS facility Began CT screening of FFs in 1998 In 2002 ran 1800 CT tests Site 2: Also located in western U.S. Tribal facility Began CT screening of FFs in 1999 In 2002 ran 812 CT tests
Site 1 - Number of Chlamydia Tests, by sex and year
Site 1 - Chlamydia Positivity, by sex,
Site 1 – Chlamydia Positivity, by age and sex, 2002
Site 2 - Number of Chlamydia Tests, by sex and year
Site 2 – Chlamydia Positivity, by sex,
Site 2 – Chlamydia Positivity, by age and sex, 2002
Community-Based Outreach Large southwestern tribe Ongoing syphilis outbreak since 2001 Screening interventions in community: Local bars Busy commercial areas Community fairs
2004 Syphilis Screening Data EventTotal RPRsReactorsNew Cases Total23852
Jail-Based Syphilis Screening Pilot Project Large southwestern reservation Syphilis outbreak since 2001 Large tribal jail 2004 Epi Aid determined many cases passed through jail 6-month pilot project STD 101 followed by screening
Tribal Jail Screening Results
Conclusions A variety of promising screening interventions being done in Indian Country Yield of positive cases varies Effort required may not be offset by yield How to factor in other screening benefits (e.g. community awareness) Further efforts are needed to evaluate and improve screening activities in Indian Country
Acknowledgements CDC David Wong Lydia Blasini- Alcivar IHS James Cheek Pam McCloud Sandeep Patel Tribal Health Janet Runnion Larry Foster Mae Gilene Begay State Health Dept. Susie Zantos IPP Yvonne Hamby