Crime and Social Deviance Chapter 16
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-2 Social Deviance Norms make social life possible Social order Social control
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-3 Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Differential Association Theory Families Friends and Neighbourhoods Subcultures Prison or freedom?
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-4 Comparing Psychological, Biological, & Sociological Explanations Psychology Personality disorders Biology Genetic predispositions Street crime Sociology Social factors
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-5 The Relativity of Social Deviance Social deviance A violation of societal norms Deviance: A relative concept Stigma Master status Crime
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-6 Crime & Social Deviance—A Continuum
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-7 Symbolic Interactionism Differential association Friends & neighbourhoods Subcultures Prison or freedom
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-8 Labelling Theory Techniques of neutralization Denial of responsibility Denial of injury Condemnation of the condemners Appeal to higher loyalties
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-9 Labelling Theory Rejecting labels: primary, secondary, and tertiary social deviance Inviting labels: embracing deviance Power of labels: Saints and Roughnecks
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Functionalist Perspective How Deviance Is “Functional” Clarifies moral boundaries Promotes social unity Promotes social change
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Functionalist Perspective Pluralistic theory of social control Strain Theory “cultural goals” “institutionalized means”
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Functionalist Perspective Five Reactions 1. Conformists 2. Innovators 3. Ritualists 4. Retreatists 5. Rebels
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada Illegitimate Opportunity Theory The relationship between social class and crime Illegitimate opportunity structures: the poor and crime White-collar crime and street crime
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Conflict Perspective Criminal Justice System Police, courts, and prisons The Law as an Instrument of Oppression The Trouble with Official Statistics
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Feminist Perspective Feminist theories and male violence against women Patriarchy Feminist theories and issues of public policy in Canada
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada Postmodern Theories of Crime & Deviance Youth Crime and the risk of society
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Need for Multiple Theories Each theory helps explain the range of social deviance
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Canadian Criminal Justice System The organization of the court system in Canada Federal authority over the criminal courts
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Organization of the Court System in Canada
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada Reactions to Social Deviance Sanctions Negative sanctions Positive sanctions Degradation ceremonies Imprisonment
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada Medicalization of Social Deviance Social deviance as a sign of mental illness Homelessness and mental illness
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Need for a Humane Approach New ways of treating deviance