Hawaiian Island Geology

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Presentation transcript:

Hawaiian Island Geology Other evidence of seafloor spreading is the Hawaiian Hot spot

volcanoes in a volcanic island arc system Over 100 volcanoes in a volcanic island arc system Meiji (3000 m deep) Big Island

Hawaiian Islands Niihau Kauai Oahu Molokai Lanai Maui Hawaii

Bathymetric Profile of Hawaiian Emperor Chain

J. Tuzo Wilson (1963), a Canadian geophysicist ,came up the "hotspot" theory. volcanoes of the Hawaiian chain should get progressively older and become more eroded the farther they travel beyond the hotspot. Pacific Plate Kauai (oldest) Oahu Maui Hawaii (youngest)

Age of Hawaiian Islands

Movement of Hawaiian Islands Moves in a northwesterly direction Much of the Hawaiian island arc is underwater and extends toward Midway

WE’VE GOT HOT SPOTS ALL OVER THE PLACE Other examples of hot spots include: Cape Verde (off the coast of Senegal), Galapagos Islands (off the coast of Equator), Society Islands (French Polynesia), Tristan da Cunha (southern Atlantic), Yellowstone, Ethiopia Plateau, Lord How (near Sydney), Iceland, and many more.

Movement away from hotspot Older islands erode and subside

Aging islands and coral: Drilling and removing core sample C14 dating

Darwin’s Theory of Coral Atoll Formation: Subsidence Theory Fringing Reef- boarders coastline closely Island subsides Barrier Reef- separated from land by a lagoon Atoll- coral ring with central lagoon lagoon is a shallow area with a sandy floor, patch reefs, and patches of seagrass

Fringing Reef- Tahiti

Fringing Reef Shoreline Reef Flat Reef Front

Barrier Reef Profile

Australia- Great Barrier Reef

Kaneohe Bay Barrier Reef Patch Reef Fringing Reef

Reef Flat of a barrier reef Lagoon Reef Flat of a Barrier Reef Reef Flat of a barrier reef Coral Island (Cay or Motu) Reef Flat Reef Front Open Ocean

Cross Section of an Atoll

Belize- Blue Hole Atoll

Midway Atoll Kure Atoll (28° 25' N - 178° 20' W) Pearl & Hermes Atoll

Inquiry The oldest seamount in the Hawaiian Emperor Chain is _____? What direction are our islands moving? What seamount will be the newest Hawaiian Island? Key features of a barrier reef are_____? When an atoll subsides it often forms a _____?