The Lithosphere of Earth  Igneous Processes and Volcanic Activity 1. Why study? Thermal state Thermal history Composition of interior Geothermal / Hazards.

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Presentation transcript:

The Lithosphere of Earth  Igneous Processes and Volcanic Activity 1. Why study? Thermal state Thermal history Composition of interior Geothermal / Hazards Comparative planetology 2. Volcanism and plate boundaries Divergent - Continental breakup (Flood basalts) - Mid-ocean ridge Convergent - Domes, flows, explosive, composite volcanoes Intraplate Volcanism - Strombolian style - Hawaiian style

The Lithosphere of Earth - Volcanism Strombolian Hawaiian Plinian

Volcanic Styles Strombolian Activity Hawaiian Activity Plinian Activity Dome Growth Spatter Cone Bubble Rise Rate > Magma Rise Rate Cinder Cone Magma Rise Rate > Gas Rise Rate Produces turbulent, buoyant cloud, Rises to great heights Atmosphere sucked in, heated Exit velocity high Low viscosity gas-clast mixture Pressure greatly exceeds atmospheric pressure Cloud collapses to pyroclastic flows Brittle lid Degasses Fracture & Growth Viscous gas- rich magma

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