Cells: The Basis of Life Mevan Siriwardane Mrs. Rolle’s Biology - Barringer High School October 25, 2007 Mevan Siriwardane Mrs. Rolle’s Biology - Barringer High School October 25, 2007

Background G Microscopes G Magnifies objects of small size G Series of lens refracts a beam of light passing through an object G Light reflect of the object is focused to the eye to see a larger image G Microscopes G Magnifies objects of small size G Series of lens refracts a beam of light passing through an object G Light reflect of the object is focused to the eye to see a larger image

Discovery of a Cell G Earliest Microscopes G Compound light microscope, mid-1600s G Observations led to discoveries G Hooke’s study of cork through microscope (1665) G Leeuwenhoek saw living things in pond water (1674) G Earliest Microscopes G Compound light microscope, mid-1600s G Observations led to discoveries G Hooke’s study of cork through microscope (1665) G Leeuwenhoek saw living things in pond water (1674)

Development of the Cell Theory G (Early 1600’s) - Invention of the first microscope (Early 1600’s) - Invention of the first microscope G Robert Hooke’s observation of cork under compound microscope Robert Hooke’s observation of cork under compound microscope G Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovers tiny living things in Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovers tiny living things in pond water G Matthias Schleiden states all plants are made of cells Matthias Schleiden states all plants are made of cells G Theodor Schwann concludes all animals made up of cells Theodor Schwann concludes all animals made up of cells G Rudolph Virchow says that all cells come from existing cells Rudolph Virchow says that all cells come from existing cells G (Early 1600’s) - Invention of the first microscope (Early 1600’s) - Invention of the first microscope G Robert Hooke’s observation of cork under compound microscope Robert Hooke’s observation of cork under compound microscope G Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovers tiny living things in Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovers tiny living things in pond water G Matthias Schleiden states all plants are made of cells Matthias Schleiden states all plants are made of cells G Theodor Schwann concludes all animals made up of cells Theodor Schwann concludes all animals made up of cells G Rudolph Virchow says that all cells come from existing cells Rudolph Virchow says that all cells come from existing cells

Cell Theory G Observations and conclusions by many scientists led to understanding of the cell G Cell Theory: G 1) All livings things are made of cells G 2) Cells are basic units of structure/function in living things G 3) New cells are produced from existing cells G Observations and conclusions by many scientists led to understanding of the cell G Cell Theory: G 1) All livings things are made of cells G 2) Cells are basic units of structure/function in living things G 3) New cells are produced from existing cells

Modern Microscopes G Types G Light microscope ( X) G Confocal/Fluorescence microscope (500X) G Electron microscope ( X) G Types G Light microscope ( X) G Confocal/Fluorescence microscope (500X) G Electron microscope ( X)

Basics of the Cell G Separated from outside world G Cell membrane G Stores DNA for biological information G DNA stored in nucleus depending of type of cell G Separated from outside world G Cell membrane G Stores DNA for biological information G DNA stored in nucleus depending of type of cell

Types of Cells G Prokaryotes G Very ancient G Very small and simple G Bacteria G No nucleus G Eukaryotes G Larger and more complex G Organized structures G Contains a nucleus G Prokaryotes G Very ancient G Very small and simple G Bacteria G No nucleus G Eukaryotes G Larger and more complex G Organized structures G Contains a nucleus

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

What is the Nucleus? Control center – Contains DNA -> Coded set of instructions Instructions for making molecules like proteins Control center – Contains DNA -> Coded set of instructions Instructions for making molecules like proteins

Cell Structure and Function G Eukaryotic Cell (Animal Cell) G Divided into two parts: nucleus and cytoplasm G Contains many functional “little organs” or organelles G Eukaryotic Cell (Animal Cell) G Divided into two parts: nucleus and cytoplasm G Contains many functional “little organs” or organelles Nucleus Cytoplasm 1.Nucleolus 2.Nucleus 3.Ribosome 4.Vesicle 5.Rough ER 6.Golgi Apparatus 7.Cytoskeleton 8.Smooth ER 9.Mitochondria 10.Vacuole 11.Cytoplasm 12.Lysosome

G Eukaryotic Cell (Plant) Cell Structure and Function

Review G ns/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm ns/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm G ns/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm ns/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm

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