TRANSITIONS BETWEEN PHASES See the phase diagram for water, Figure 13.37. Lines connect all conditions of T and P where EQUILIBRIUM exists between the.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Vapor Pressure 1atm = 760 mmHg = 101.3kPa B is a Gas B is Liquid Normal Boiling Point for B.

Advertisements

Heating/Cooling Curve and Phase Diagrams

Reading, Interpreting, and Drawing Phase Diagrams

1 Liquids Molecules at interfaces behave differently than those in the interior. Molecules at surface experience a net INWARD force of attraction. This.

Metallic and Ionic Solids Section 13.4

Physical Transformations of Pure Substances

Clausius – Clapeyron Equation This equation is a relation between  H vap and pressure at a certain Temperature.

A Macroscopic Description of Matter (Phase Changes & Ideal Gases)

What is a Phase? A phase is a homogeneous, physically distinct, and mechanically separable portion of matter. It is uniform throughout, both in chemical.

States of matter Solids and Liquids

Phase Changes Chp 10. Phase Diagrams Phase diagram = relates physical states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) to temperature and pressure.

Unit 4: Chemical Reactions

Chapter 11 1 Ch 11 Page 467. STATES OF MATTER CH CH CH 5The internet? Phase Change- The transformation from one phase to another upon the.

Equilibrium Systems and Stress

MTO 412E Physics of Cloud and Precipitation

© 2006 Brooks/Cole - Thomson Inter- molecular Forces Have studied INTRA molecular forces— the forces holding atoms together to form molecules. Now turn.

States of matter Solids and Liquids 1. Gases, Solids, and Liquids Phase Particle Properties SpacingEnergyMotionVolumeShape Solid Liquid Gas closelowvibrationaldefinite.

Changes of State Solid to Liquid to Gas and Back.

FINAL EXAM Wednesday,December 11, at 10:15 a.m. – 12:15 p.m. in the IC building, Room 421.

Aim: I.O.SWBAT: 1)Define vapor pressure 2)Interpret phase change diagrams 3)Describe critical temperature and pressure 4)Draw a phase change diagram MOTIVATION:

Vapor Pressure and Changes of State Heat of vaporization Enthalpy of vaporization energy required to vaporize 1 mole of a liquid at a pressure of 1 atm.

Ch. 10 – Changes of State (p. 324 – 330). Phases  The phase of a substance is determined by three things. The temperature. The pressure. The strength.

Tuesday, Dec. 3 rd : “A” Day Wednesday, Dec. 4 th : “B” Day (early out) Agenda  Homework Questions/collect (pg. 398: 1-3, 6-9)  Sec quiz: “Energy.

Phase Diagrams Unit # 11.

Vapor Pressure The molecules at the surface can spontaneously go into a gas as KE increases enough to break attractive forces.

The phase of a substance depends upon two parameters: Temperature Pressure Gives the particles more energy to overcome attractive forces. Raises the vapor.

Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 Chemistry FIFTH EDITION by Steven S. Zumdahl University of Illinois.

1 PHASE CHANGES: Chap. 13: Day 4 Heat of Fusion Heat of Vaporization Phase Diagrams.

A change in state is called a phase change Evaporation is the change in state from liquid to gas Sublimation is the change from solid to gas Both deal.

Copyright 1999, PRENTICE HALLChapter 111 Phase Changes Surface molecules are only attracted inwards towards the bulk molecules. Sublimation: solid  gas.

Changes in States of Matter

Phase Diagrams Chapter 11. Chemical Systems Undergo three main processes that change their energy –Chemical reactions –Heating/cooling –Phase transitions.

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Solids and Liquids gases liquids solids volume/shape container density low compressibility high motion free definite volume.

Phase Changes Phase Diagrams and Heating Curves. Phase Diagrams  Show the phases of a substance at different temps and pressures. Courtesy Christy Johannesson.

Phase Diagrams SOLID LIQUID GAS Critical Point Triple Point vaporizationcondensation sublimation deposition melting freezing.

Phase Diagrams and the Equilibrium of Substances 11/3/10 1.

1 Types of Solids Chap. 13: Day 4b. 2 Metallic and Ionic Solids Sections

CHAPTER 2: MATTER. CHANGES OF STATE When matter changes from one state to another, we call this a phase change Thermal energy is related to the microscopic.

Metallic and Ionic Solids Sections

 What is a system? › The components that are being studied  What are the states of matter?  What is a phase? › A region that has the same composition.

Catalyst 1. List the substance in order of increasing intermolecular forces: BaCl 2, H 2, CO, HF, and Ne. 2. Order the molecules in order of increasing.

Phase Diagrams CHEM HONORS. Kinetic Theory of Matter Kinetic Theory of Matter: molecules are always moving Measure kinetic energy with a thermometer known.

Phase Diagrams & Heating Curves

Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 Chemistry FIFTH EDITION Chapter 10 Liquids and Solids.

Equilibrium Systems and Stress. Phase Equilibrium Liquid to Gas: When water vapor evaporates at the same rate it condenses in a closed container, dynamic.

Heating and Cooling Curves Phase Diagrams

Notes 11-3 Obj 11.5, Rubbing alcohol feels cold when it evaporates from the skin due to the fact that rubbing alcohol has: a.an exothermic heat.

What is a Phase diagram? Phase diagram: plot of pressure vs. Temperature summarizing all equilibria between phases. Given a temperature and pressure, phase.

Intermolecular Forces Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO  2006, Prentice.

13.4 Changes of State Sublimation occurs because solids have a vapor pressure Occurs in solids with vapor pressures greater than atmospheric pressure at.

11.3 Some Properties of Liquids

Liquids and Solids Changes of State.

Test Review Chapter 17.

Heating Curves & Phase Change Diagrams

Vapor Pressure Vaporization - change from liquid to gas at boiling point. Evaporation - change from liquid to gas below boiling point Heat (or Enthalpy)

Triple Point Plot melting freezing liquid solid Pressure (atm)

Phase Diagrams and Vapor Pressure

Do now Pick up notes. Get out Changes of State homework.

Phase Diagrams plot of P vs.T showing states of matter

Phase Diagrams: represent phases dependent on pressure and temperature. liquid solid Pressure gas Temperature.

Phase Diagrams: represent phases dependent on pressure and temperature. liquid solid Pressure gas Temperature.

Section 5: Phase Diagrams:

Phase Changes Friday, September 4th, 2015.

Phase Diagram Vocabulary Triple Point: Only point at which all three phases (solid, liquid, gas) exist at equilibrium Critical Point: Point at which.

Heating Curves & Phase Change Diagrams

Phase Diagrams: represent phases dependent on pressure and temperature. liquid solid Pressure gas Temperature.

Thermochemistry.

Ch. 13 Clicker Review.

Presentation transcript:

TRANSITIONS BETWEEN PHASES See the phase diagram for water, Figure Lines connect all conditions of T and P where EQUILIBRIUM exists between the phases on either side of the line. (At equilibrium particles move from liquid to gas as fast as they move from gas to liquid, for example.) See the phase diagram for water, Figure Lines connect all conditions of T and P where EQUILIBRIUM exists between the phases on either side of the line. (At equilibrium particles move from liquid to gas as fast as they move from gas to liquid, for example.)

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Phase Diagram for Water Animation of solid phase.

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Phase Diagram for Water Animation of equilibrium between solid and liquid phases.

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Phase Diagram for Water Animation of liquid phase.

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Phase Diagram for Water Animation of equilibrium between liquid and gas phases.

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Phase Diagram for Water Animation of gas phase.

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Phase Diagram for Water Animation of equilibrium between solid and gas phases.

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Phase Diagram for Water Animation of triple point. At the TRIPLE POINT all three phases are in equilibrium.

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Phases Diagrams— Important Points for Water T(C)P(mmHg) T(  C)P(mmHg) Normal boil point Normal freeze point0760 Triple point T(C)P(mmHg) T(  C)P(mmHg) Normal boil point Normal freeze point0760 Triple point

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved TRANSITIONS BETWEEN PHASES As P and T increase, you finally reach the CRITICAL T and P

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved TRANSITIONS BETWEEN PHASES As P and T increase, you finally reach the CRITICAL T and P

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved TRANSITIONS BETWEEN PHASES Above critical T no liquid exists no matter how high the pressure. As P and T increase, you finally reach the CRITICAL T and P

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Critical T and P COMPDT c ( o C)P c (atm) H 2 O CO CH Freon (CCl 2 F 2 ) Notice that T c and P c depend on intermolecular forces. COMPDT c ( o C)P c (atm) H 2 O CO CH Freon (CCl 2 F 2 ) Notice that T c and P c depend on intermolecular forces.

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Solid-Liquid Equilibria In any system, if you increase P the DENSITY will go up. Therefore — as P goes up, equilibrium favors phase with the larger density (or SMALLER volume/gram). Liquid H 2 OSolid H 2 O Liquid H 2 OSolid H 2 O Density1 g/cm g/cm 3 cm 3 /gram11.09 In any system, if you increase P the DENSITY will go up. Therefore — as P goes up, equilibrium favors phase with the larger density (or SMALLER volume/gram). Liquid H 2 OSolid H 2 O Liquid H 2 OSolid H 2 O Density1 g/cm g/cm 3 cm 3 /gram11.09

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Solid-Liquid Equilibria In any system, if you increase P the DENSITY will go up. Therefore — as P goes up, equilibrium favors phase with the larger density (or SMALLER volume/gram). Liquid H 2 OSolid H 2 O Liquid H 2 OSolid H 2 O Density1 g/cm g/cm 3 cm 3 /gram11.09 In any system, if you increase P the DENSITY will go up. Therefore — as P goes up, equilibrium favors phase with the larger density (or SMALLER volume/gram). Liquid H 2 OSolid H 2 O Liquid H 2 OSolid H 2 O Density1 g/cm g/cm 3 cm 3 /gram11.09

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Solid-Liquid Equilibria Solid H 2 O Liquid H 2 O P T 760 mmHg 0  C Normal freezing point

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Solid-Liquid Equilbria Raising the pressure at constant T causes water to melt. The NEGATIVE SLOPE of the S/L line is unique to H 2 O. Almost everything else has positive slope. Raising the pressure at constant T causes water to melt. The NEGATIVE SLOPE of the S/L line is unique to H 2 O. Almost everything else has positive slope. P T freezing Solid H 2 O Liquid H 2 O 760 mmHg 0  C Normal point

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Solid-Liquid Equilbria The behavior of water under pressure is an example of LE CHATELIER’S PRINCIPLE At Solid/Liquid equilibrium, raising P squeezes the solid. It responds by going to phase with greater density, i.e., the liquid phase. The behavior of water under pressure is an example of LE CHATELIER’S PRINCIPLE At Solid/Liquid equilibrium, raising P squeezes the solid. It responds by going to phase with greater density, i.e., the liquid phase. Solid H 2 O Liquid H 2 O P T 760 mmHg 0  C Normal freezing point

Copyright (c) 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved Solid-Vapor Equilibrium At P < 4.58 mmHg and T < C At P < 4.58 mmHg and T <  C solid H 2 O can go directly to vapor. This process is called SUBLIMATION This is how a frost-free refrigerator works. At P < 4.58 mmHg and T < C At P < 4.58 mmHg and T <  C solid H 2 O can go directly to vapor. This process is called SUBLIMATION This is how a frost-free refrigerator works.