Kim Harkins Gabby Fabby Lee Carter John Illuminati

Kim Harkins Gabby Fabby Lee Carter John Illuminati

Basics… Single-celled fungi Ascomycetes Serve as nutrient recyclers in nature Important in: –Industry –Biotechnology –Agents of disease in humans

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Baker’s Yeast "Saccharomyces” –Latinized Greek –Means "sugar mold" or "sugar fungus“ “Cerevisiae” –Latin –Means "of beer"

Baker’s Yeast & Other Stuff Antibodies against S. cerevisiae are found in –60–70% of patients with Crohn’s disease –10–15% of patients with ulcerative colitis Biologically changing the chemistry of the dough or batter as the yeast works Yeast leavening requires proofing- allows yeast time to reproduce & consume carbs in flour

Fermentation Scientific Definition conversion of carbohydrates to alcohols and carbon dioxide or organic acids using yeasts, bacteria, or a combination thereof, under anaerobic conditions English Version chemical conversion of sugars into ethanol

Biotechnology in the Medicine World

Personalized Medicine Medicine use to be able to treat a certain symptom but now they are able to treat those symptoms with more precision. By using biotechnology and looking at DNA Doctors are able to create drugs that are specifically designed for you and your genetic make-up.

Artificial Lymph Nodes Scientist have developed artificial lymph nodes that can replace existing ones. By using biotechnology they are able to create nodes that can fit your body perfectly based on your gene’s

Vaccine in a banana Researchers have developed a vaccine for the hepatitis virus that can be taken by just Eating a banana

Prosthetics

What are Prosthetics? A prosthetic is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part. There are many different prosthetic body parts from arms, legs, hearts and lungs, eyes, palatal obturator, gastric bands, and dentures.

How Prosthetics Work There are different types of prosthetic body parts, all with the same purpose. The prosthetic body part is attached to the body, connected to the nerves and muscles of the body. With proper physical therapy, patients can have adjust to movement with their prosthetic part.

Prosthetics in the Future Currently out is the Proto 2, which is the greatest innovation in prosthetics. It is a “thought controlled” prosthetic arm, where movement is controlled with your mind. Researchers are currently working on improving the arm to give it more movement and decrease the battery size.

Animals in Biotechnology What is it? The use of selective breeding, genetic modification, gene “pharming” and cloning to produce desirable traits and abilities in animals.

Selective Breeding Selective passage of desirable genes and traits from one generation to another. Animals that display traits such as large size, strength, growth rate, production (Cattle/chickens etc), and meat quality are bred to keep the generation of the “best”. This is used commonly in agricultural animals such as the cows. The biggest and the healthiest cows are bred to produce even better cows with the same traits.

Gene Modification and Hormones Insertion of genes into an animal to produce desired traits. Most commonly in cattle is the growth hormone used to make bigger, better cattle, all at an abnormal rate. Growth hormones control the growth, metabolism and deposition of muscle and fat in mammals and poultry

Cloning Creating an identical “copy” of an animal with desirable traits and genes. The first method was the embryo twining: The splitting of an embryo to produce two identical “twins” with the exact DNA and traits desired. Dolly (sheep) was famously the first animal cloned, but now through new cloning methods, animals such as cats, dogs, pigs, sheep and deer have been successfully cloned.

Cloning Cont. Dolly was created from a single cell. DNA from the “donor” cell was inserted into an egg that contained no DNA (the original DNA taken out) With these new advances, endangered species can now much efficiently be preserved, and could also even recover extinct species.

Gene “Pharming” (Farming + Pharmaceuticals) The use of new technology to alter an animals DNA by splicing in new DNA (the desirable DNA/ gene) into the original DNA. The main reason for this method is to use animals to produce human proteins that will then be used in medicines. The protein that was encoded into the DNA is then produced by the animals and secreted through milk, blood or eggs and then used in drugs.

Methods of DNA Insertion 1: injecting the desired gene into the pro nucleus of a fertilized egg. transforming embryonic stem cells (ES cells) growing in tissue culture with the desired DNA.