Mastering NT Greek 23. Subjecting the Subjunctives By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003 Baker Academic

Warm-ups

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer Pa qe qe<lhma< sou, let be will your

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> gh?j: as in heaven also on earth to>n h[mw?n to>n the bread our e]piou j h[mi?n sh e]pi> gh?j: as in heaven also on earth to>n h[mw?n to>n the bread our e]piou j h[mi?n sh<meron: daily give us today

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer kai> h[mi?n ta> o]feilh h[mei?j a]fh h[mi?n ta> o]feilh h[mei?j a]fh<kamen as also we have forgiven toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n the ones trespassing us

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer kai> mh> ei]sene r[u?sai h[ma?j a]po> but deliver us from tou? ponhrou? the evil one kai> mh> ei]sene r[u?sai h[ma?j a]po> but deliver us from tou? ponhrou? the evil one

Infintives Endings to Chant Present: ein esqai Present: ein esqai Second Aorist: ei?n esqai h?nai Second Aorist: ei?n esqai h?nai First Aorist: ai asqai h?nai First Aorist: ai asqai h?nai Perfect: nai sqai Perfect: nai sqai

Chanting the PA and PM/P Ptc Present Active: (chant) Present Active: (chant) Nom. lu<wn lu<ousa lu?on Gen. lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontoj Nom. lu<wn lu<ousa lu?on Gen. lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontoj Present Middle/Passive (non-chant) Present Middle/Passive (non-chant) Nom. luo<menoj luome<nh luo<menon Gen. luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nou Nom. luo<menoj luome<nh luo<menon Gen. luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nou

Forms to Chant to First Aorist Active (chant) First Aorist Active (chant) Nom. lu<saj lu<sasa lu?san Gen. lu<santoj lusa<shj lu<santoj Nom. lu<saj lu<sasa lu?san Gen. lu<santoj lusa<shj lu<santoj First Aorist Middle (non-chant) First Aorist Middle (non-chant) Nom. lusa<menoj lusame<nh lusa<menon Gen. lusame<nou lusame<nhj lusame<nou Nom. lusa<menoj lusame<nh lusa<menon Gen. lusame<nou lusame<nhj lusame<nou

Forms to Chant to First Aorist Passive (chant) First Aorist Passive (chant) Nom. luqei<j luqei?sa luqe<n Gen. luqe<ntoj luqei<shj luqe<ntoj Nom. luqei<j luqei?sa luqe<n Gen. luqe<ntoj luqei<shj luqe<ntoj

Present Active Indicative Verbs I loose / am loosing lu<w lu<omen lu<eij lu<ete lu<ei lu<ousi(n) lu<w lu<omen lu<eij lu<ete lu<ei lu<ousi(n)

Present Middle/Passive Indicative lu<omai, -o<meqa, lu<omai, -o<meqa, -^, -esqe, -^, -esqe, -etai, -ontai -etai, -ontai I loose myself, I am loosed

Shape of the Future in Greek lu<sw lu<somen I will loose We will loose lu<seij lu<sete You will loose You all will loose lu<sei lu<sousi(n) He/she/it will loose They will loose lu<sw lu<somen I will loose We will loose lu<seij lu<sete You will loose You all will loose lu<sei lu<sousi(n) He/she/it will loose They will loose

Future Middle Paradigm lu<somai --omeqa --^ --esqe --etai --ontai lu<somai --omeqa --^ --esqe --etai --ontai I will loose for myself I will loose for myself

2-1-2 Paradigms lo<goj grafh< i[ero<n lo<gou grafh?j i[erou? lo<g& graf^? i[er&? lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<n lo<goi grafai< i[era< lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?n lo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?j lo<gouj grafa<j i[era< lo<goj grafh< i[ero<n lo<gou grafh?j i[erou? lo<g& graf^? i[er&? lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<n lo<goi grafai< i[era< lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?n lo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?j lo<gouj grafa<j i[era<

3 rd Declension Chantables xari<j pi<stij xari<j pi<stij xa<rij pi<stij xa<rij pi<stij xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<riti o]no<mati pi<stei xa<riti o]no<mati pi<stei xa<rita pi<stin xa<rita pi<stin xa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steij xa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steij xari<twn o]noma<twn pi<stewn xari<twn o]noma<twn pi<stewn xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n) pi<stesi(n) xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n) pi<stesi(n) xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij

Subjunctives

Introduction Verbal Moods: Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative, Optative Verbal Moods: Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative, Optative Indicative: statement portrayed as fact mood Indicative: statement portrayed as fact mood –King Kong climbed the Empire State building. [Zach shot the ball.] Subjunctive: possibility "may" or "might“, contingency, doubt, uncertainty by reason of futurity Subjunctive: possibility "may" or "might“, contingency, doubt, uncertainty by reason of futurity –Zach may shoot the ball.

Introduction Imperative: command (expectation) Imperative: command (expectation) –Zach, shoot the ball! Optative: hoped for, wish Optative: hoped for, wish –Oh that Zach would shoot the ball.

Subjunctives Tense: only in present and aorist [ oi]da< (Perf.) will appear in the Subjunctive but its rare.] Tense: only in present and aorist [ oi]da< (Perf.) will appear in the Subjunctive but its rare.] Aspect not tense: Aspect not tense: –In progress, unfolding, immediacy, details, foregrounded (present) –Whole/complete/background (aorist) Time of subjunctive dependent on main verb or context (temporal particles) Time of subjunctive dependent on main verb or context (temporal particles)

Form Uses primary endings: Uses primary endings: –Active: w, eij, ei, omen... –Passive: mai, ^, etai, omeqa... The trick: the connecting vowel is lengthened o to w; e to h The trick: the connecting vowel is lengthened o to w; e to h Present: lu + w + men = lu<wmen Present: lu + w + men = lu<wmen –we may continue to loose Aorist: lu + s + w + men = lu<swmen Aorist: lu + s + w + men = lu<swmen –we may loose

Present Active (process, immediacy, foregrounding) Active Singular Plural Active Singular Plural 1 lu<w lu<wmen 2 lu<^j lu<hte 3 lu<^ lu<wsi(n) 1 lu<w lu<wmen 2 lu<^j lu<hte 3 lu<^ lu<wsi(n) I may continue loosing (may be loosing) You may continue loosing I may continue loosing (may be loosing) You may continue loosing

Present Mid/Passive (process, immediacy, foregrounding) Mid/Pas Singular Plural Mid/Pas Singular Plural 1 lu<wmai luw<meqa 2 lu<^ lu<hsqe 3 lu<htai lu<wntai 1 lu<wmai luw<meqa 2 lu<^ lu<hsqe 3 lu<htai lu<wntai I may continue to be loosed You may continue to be loosed I may continue to be loosed You may continue to be loosed

Aorist Active (whole, complete, background) Active Singular Plural Active Singular Plural 1 lu<sw lu<swmen 2 lu<s^j lu<shte 3 lu<s^ lu<swsi(n) 1 lu<sw lu<swmen 2 lu<s^j lu<shte 3 lu<s^ lu<swsi(n) I may loose You may loose I may loose You may loose Compare future form. What is relation of subj. and future? Compare future form. What is relation of subj. and future?

Aorist Middle (whole, complete, background) Mid Singular Plural Mid Singular Plural 1 lu<swmai lusw<meqa 2 lu<s^ lu<shsqe 3 lu<shtai lu<swntai 1 lu<swmai lusw<meqa 2 lu<s^ lu<shsqe 3 lu<shtai lu<swntai I may loose (myself) You may loose (yourself) I may loose (myself) You may loose (yourself)

Aorist Passive (whole, complete, background) Passive Singular Plural Passive Singular Plural 1 luqw? luqw?men 2 luq^?j luqh?te 3 luq^? luqw?si(n) 1 luqw? luqw?men 2 luq^?j luqh?te 3 luq^? luqw?si(n) I may be loosed You may be loosed I may be loosed You may be loosed

Second Aorist Active ( lei<pw = I leave) Active Singular Plural Active Singular Plural 1 li<pw li<pwmen 2 li<p^j li<phte 3 li<p^ li<pwsi(n) 1 li<pw li<pwmen 2 li<p^j li<phte 3 li<p^ li<pwsi(n) I may leave You may leave I may leave You may leave

Subjunctivizing ei]mi< Active Singular Plural Active Singular Plural 1 w# w#men 2 h#j h#te 3 ^# w#si(n) 1 w# w#men 2 h#j h#te 3 ^# w#si(n) I may be You may be I may be You may be

Subjunctive Chant Present Active Subj. lu<w, lu^j, lu^, lu<wmen, lu<hte, lu<wsi(n) Present Active Subj. lu<w, lu^j, lu^, lu<wmen, lu<hte, lu<wsi(n) Present Mid./Pass. Subj. lu<wmai, -^, htai, -wmeqa, -hsqe, -wntai Present Mid./Pass. Subj. lu<wmai, -^, htai, -wmeqa, -hsqe, -wntai

Four Subjunctive Triggers i!na = in order that + Subjunctive (o!pwj) i!na = in order that + Subjunctive (o!pwj) e]a<n = if/when + Subjunctive e]a<n = if/when + Subjunctive o!j = whoever + Subjunctive o!j = whoever + Subjunctive e!wj = until + Subjunctive e!wj = until + Subjunctive Hint: whenever you see a i!na look for a subjunctive following it. Hint: whenever you see a i!na look for a subjunctive following it.

Four Functions of Subjunctives Hortatory subjunctive: "Let us, let me" Hortatory subjunctive: "Let us, let me" –Requires first person: me, we –Let us go, let us pray Subordinate purpose/result clause: Subordinate purpose/result clause: –in order that he might run Prohibitive Subjunctive Prohibitive Subjunctive –Lead us not into temptation

Four Functions of Subjunctives Deliberative subjunctive: rhetorical device not wanting an answer Deliberative subjunctive: rhetorical device not wanting an answer –What shall I say to you?

Four Types of Conditionals 1) Reality: if (since) you come, then I will... 1) Reality: if (since) you come, then I will... – ei] + Indicative verb 2) Contrary to fact: "If you had come he would not have died (but you didn’t)" 2) Contrary to fact: "If you had come he would not have died (but you didn’t)" –ei] + indicative + + indicative 3) Probability: if you come then you are my friend (but you have not yet) 3) Probability: if you come then you are my friend (but you have not yet) –e]a<n + Subjunctive

Four Types of Conditionals 4) Possibility: ei] + Optative (if you should suffer) 4) Possibility: ei] + Optative (if you should suffer)

Optatives Mood of wish in NT Mood of wish in NT Characterized by an internal addition of: oi, ai, or ei internal connector. Characterized by an internal addition of: oi, ai, or ei internal connector. ge<noito -- Aorist of gi<nomai -- may it be ge<noito -- Aorist of gi<nomai -- may it be dunai<mhn -- Present dep. 1s -- Oh that I would be able to... dunai<mhn -- Present dep. 1s -- Oh that I would be able to Present 3 Pl -- Oh that they would have -- Present 3 Pl -- Oh that they would have

Negative Rhetorical Questions ou] implies a "yes" answer Elliott, you are going to study tonight, aren't you? -- yes, of course ou] implies a "yes" answer Elliott, you are going to study tonight, aren't you? -- yes, of course mh< implies a "no" answer (may = nay). "You are not going to study are you? -- no most likely not mh< implies a "no" answer (may = nay). "You are not going to study are you? -- no most likely not

Chapter 23 Vocabulary – I lead, bring

Chapter 23 Vocabulary a]polu<w a]polu<w – I set free

Chapter 23 Vocabulary if, whether if, whether

Chapter 23 Vocabulary e]ntolh<, -h?j, h[ e]ntolh<, -h?j, h[ – commandment

Chapter 23 Vocabulary karpo<j, -ou?, o[ karpo<j, -ou?, o[ – fruit

Chapter 23 Vocabulary pisto<j, -h<, -o<n pisto<j, -h<, -o<n – faithful

Chapter 23 Vocabulary presbu<teroj, -a, -on presbu<teroj, -a, -on – elder

Chapter 23 Vocabulary r[h?ma, -atoj, to< r[h?ma, -atoj, to< word word

Vocabulary Ch. 23 sa<bbaton, -ou, to< sa<bbaton, -ou, to< – Sabbath

Chapter 23 Vocabulary fe<rw fe<rw – I bear, carry

Vocabulary Review

Chapter 18 Vocabulary genna<w genna<w I beget I beget dikaiosu<nh, -hj, h[ dikaiosu<nh, -hj, h[ righteousness righteousness e]a<n e]a<n if, when if, when ei]rh<nh, -hj, h[ ei]rh<nh, -hj, h[ peace peace oi#da oi#da I know I know

Chapter 18 Vocabulary oi]ki<a, -aj, h[ oi]ki<a, -aj, h[ house house o[ra<w o[ra<w I see I see peripate<w peripate<w I walk I walk pw?j pw?j how? how? fobe<omai fobe<omai I fear I fear

Chapter 17 Vocabulary ei] ei] –if, that e]sqi<w e]sqi<w –I eat za<w za<w –I live zhte<w zhte<w –I seek –or, either

Chapter 17 Vocabulary kale<w kale<w –I call lale<w lale<w –I speak, say parakale<w parakale<w –I urge, exhort plhro<w plhro<w –I fill, complete poie<w poie<w –I do, make

Chapter 16 Vocabulary ai]w<n, -w?noj, o[ ai]w<n, -w?noj, o[ –age, eternity a]llh<lwn a]llh<lwn –one another a]rxiereu<j, -e<wj, o[ a]rxiereu<j, -e<wj, o[ –high priest gunh<, -aiko<j, h[ gunh<, -aiko<j, h[ –woman du<namai du<namai –I can, am able

Chapter 16 Vocabulary -ouj, to< -ouj, to< –nation o!soj, -h, -on o!soj, -h, -on –as great as po<lij, -ewj, h[ po<lij, -ewj, h[ –city te te –and, and so xei<r, xeiro<j, h[ xei<r, xeiro<j, h[ –hand

Chapter 15 Vocabulary Chapter 15 Vocabulary -h, -o -h, -o »other -ou, o[ -ou, o[ »bread dei? dei? »it is necessary e]cousi<a, -aj, h[ e]cousi<a, -aj, h[ »authority e!teroj, -a, -on e!teroj, -a, -on »different

Chapter 15 Vocabulary »yet, still o]fqalmo<j, -ou?, o[ o]fqalmo<j, -ou?, o[ »eye te<knon, -ou, to< te<knon, -ou, to< »child to<poj, -ou, o[ to<poj, -ou, o[ »place fw?j, fwto<j, to< fw?j, fwto<j, to< »light

Chapter 14 Vocabulary ai$ma, -matoj, to< ai$ma, -matoj, to< –blood –I raise, take up dida<skw dida<skw –I teach -a, -on -a, -on –one's own kalo<j, -h<, -o<n kalo<j, -h<, -o<n –good

Chapter 14 Vocabulary me<llw me<llw –I am about to, intend o[do<j, -ou?, h[ o[do<j, -ou?, h[ –way polu<j, pollh<, polu< polu<j, pollh<, polu< –much, many sw?ma, -matoj, to< sw?ma, -matoj, to< –body yuxh<, -h?j, h[ yuxh<, -h?j, h[ –soul, life

Body/soul; mind/brain 28 kai> mh> fobhqh?te a]po> tw?n a]pokteino sw?ma th>n de> yuxh>n mh> duname mh> fobhqh?te a]po> tw?n a]pokteino sw?ma th>n de> yuxh>n mh> duname<nwn a]poktei?nai: fobei?sqe de> ma?llon to>n duna yuxh>n kai> sw?ma a]pole ma?llon to>n duna yuxh>n kai> sw?ma a]pole<sai [to destroy a]pollumi ] e]n gee<nn^