Modul 9 Australian Systems

I. Political System II. Educational System III. Welfare System IV. Law System

I. A.Political & Governmental System Australia became a Federation in 1901 after printing a the six British Colony from the 18 th to late 19 century.

Federation : A political unity which is formed when several separate states unite under a central government. The states keep control of their own internal affairs.

Australian Federation 6 states  NSW  Victoria  Queensland  South Australia  Western Australia  Tasmania 2 Territories  North Territory  Australian Capital Territory

B.Original Concept of Federal Constitution Australian Federal Constitution  Britain  Unites States  Switzerland  British Influence  Basis of the constitution parliamentary system  separation of power

 Parliament makes the laws (legislative)  Government administers the laws (Executive)  Courts interpret the laws for dispute (Judicative)

 Constitutional Monarchy  The Queen of GB = queen of Australia  The Queen is represented by the  Governor general  State governor  Territory administrator

 American Influence  Power division between  Federal  States  Model for the senate  Representative of states & territories

 Switzerland Influence  Changing the constitution  referendum  Majority of the voters  Chang  hard to achieve  stable

C.Functions of Constitution They are :  Laying out the operating rules of the federal government  Regulation the relationship between the states  Setting out how the parliaments work

D. Function of Federal Government  To control commerce, communications, national industrial disputes, defence, external affairs immigration marriage & divorce.  To conduct an election for parliament members.  To organize health, education, indigenous affairs and the environment

E. Federal Parliament Consisting of two chambers :  The House of Representative  The Senate

 The house of representative  Lower House = people’s house  The Leader of the party with the most seats in the house of representative = prime minister  Representing 150 electorates  Serving for three years

 The Senate  Upper house  Representing a whole state or territory  Each state = 12 senators  Each territories = 2 senators  Serving for 6 years  Elected through a qwota systems = “proportional representation”

F.Political Parties Australia  Many Political Parties  Labor party = the oldest party (1890’s)  Liberal party = 1945  National party  Minor parties

 Labor party  Originality : Socialist party  Free market approach  Deregulating the banks  Dropping tarrifs & sold some government assets

 Liberal party  Conservative  Committed to free enterprise  Middle - class voters  Emphasis on ties with USA & GB  Tightening immigration policy

 National party  Country party  Representing farmers & rural people  Minor parties  The Australian Democrats  The Greens Party  One Nations Party

II. Educational system  Basic concept  Compulsory for all children years old  Pre-school is an elective  Teaching both academic and vocational education and trainning (VET) subjects  National curriculum / basic curriculum

 Types of Schools  Public  Private  Religious  Public Schools  Funding by the government  Examination system  Standard uniform (plan)  Free

 Private Schools  Funding by the parents  Expensive  Better standard & facilities  Religious schools  Granting by the governor

Structure of The Education

III. The Welfare System  Dilemmatic attitudes Helping to improve >< depending to the help

 Types of welfare  Pensions to olders  Pensions to invalid pensions  National child endowment  Payment for un employed people  Disability pension  Institution  Centrelink